要素收入与居民分配格局  

Distribution According to Factor and Income Gap Among Residents

作　　者：柏培文[1,2] 李相霖 BAI Pei-wen;LI Xiang-lin

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,厦门361005 [2]厦门大学经济研究所,厦门361005

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2020年第5期71-81,236,237,共13页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA114)。

摘　　要：基于1988—2013年的中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP),着重展示和分析我国近20余年来收入分配的要素来源和背后的经济政策原因。从收入—人口分布图和收入差距要素来源分解来看,我国居民劳动收入差距日益增大,收入分布逐渐恶化,由"花瓶型"转变为"金字塔型";资本市场参与度较低,资本收入集中于极少部分人手中,呈现"铁塔型"和"倒丁字型";劳动收入不平等是拉开收入差距的主因,在我国收入分配格局中处于绝对的主导地位。另外,我国资本收入、转移收入的调节能力在逐渐增强,资本收入可以与劳动收入产生良性互补,转移收入使居民总收入分布图的众数组提高,促进其由"金字塔型"向"花瓶型"转变。Based on the data of China’s household income survey(CHIP)from 1988 to 2013,this paper focuses on displaying and analyzing the changes of income distribution in China in the past 20 years,the sources of factors and the reasons behind economic policies.From the perspective of the income population distribution chart and the source decomposition of income gap elements,China’s residents’labor income gap is increasing,and the income distribution is deteriorating from"vase type"to"pyramid type";the participation of capital market is low,and the capital income is concentrated in the hands of very few people,showing"tower type"and"inverted T-shaped type";the inequality of labor income is the main cause of the income gap and is absolutely dominant in China’s income distribution.In addition,the adjustment ability of capital income and transfer income is gradually increasing.Capital income and labor income are positive supplements for each other.Transfer income raises the modal class of the total income distribution map and turns from"pyramid type"to"vase type".This paper also makes a regression analysis of the Gini coefficient of factor income,trying to find the economic,policy and social factors that affect income equity.Finally,based on the overall research results,this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote income equity and build an"olive"society.

关 键 词：居民收入分配 要素收入 资本收入 劳动收入 转移收入 

分 类 号：F126.2[经济管理—世界经济]