国际组织与东南亚经济冷战——国际援助印尼财团IGG缘起探析  

International Organization and Economic Cold War of Southeast Asia:Analysis of the IGG Origin

作　　者：孙丽萍 SUN Li-ping

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共外交学院,长春130012 [2]吉林大学国际关系研究所、中国外交理论与实践协同创新中心,长春130012

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2020年第5期134-142,238,共10页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：吉林大学廉政建设专项研究课题(2017LZY013);吉林大学横向课题(2017-278)。

摘　　要：20世纪60年代中后期,在多米诺骨牌理论支配下,约翰逊政府担心美国在越南战场的失败有可能在东南亚引起地缘政治的连锁反应,认为"9·30"事件后上台的苏哈托政府能否在印尼建立起威权政治的合法性,是美国阻止"共产主义势力"从中南半岛向东南亚海洋地区发展的关键所在。1967年,约翰逊政府联合日本、荷兰等多个西方盟国和国际货币基金组织、世界银行等国际组织组建了国际援助印尼财团IGG,帮助苏哈托政府解决了国际债务问题,建立起多边经济援助机制,推动印尼国家战略转向"经济发展主义",并试图将印尼塑造为东南亚国家实现西方式现代化的榜样。印尼国家战略的转型促成了马来西亚危机的解决与东盟建立。在印尼、马来西亚等东南亚海洋国家国家战略发生转变的同时,中国也实行改革开放并逐步加入世界经济体系。印尼的国家转型、东盟的建立与发展和中国的改革开放,共同推动东南亚区域冷战从两极对抗逐步转向发展主义与区域一体化,全球冷战率先在东南亚地区落下了终结的序幕。The cold war game among the United States,the Soviet Union and China in Southeast Asia was at a critical moment in the late 1960 s. Influenced by domino theory,the Johnson administration worried that the defeat in Vietnam might cause a geopolitical chain reaction in Southeast Asia. Therefore,whether the Suharto government could build up the legitimacy of authoritarian politics after the"9·30"incident had became the key point for the United States to prevent the expansion of the Communist forces from the Indochina Peninsula to the sea area of Southeast Asia. In 1967,the Johnson administration set up the Inter-Government Group on Indonesia to help the Suharto government solve the international debt problem together with many western allies and international organizations such as Japan,the Netherlands,the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Furthermore,it established a multilateral economic aid mechanism to promote turning Indonesia’s national strategy to "economic development doctrine"and tried to make Indonesia the role model of western modernization for other Southeast Asian countries. The transformation of Indonesia’s national strategy led to the resolution of the Malaysian crisis and the establishment of ASEAN. While Indonesia,Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries had changed their strategy,China had also carried out reform and open policy and gradually joined the capitalist world economic system. China’s economic modern transformation eased the cold war pressure faced by Southeast Asian countries and promoted export-oriented East Asian economic development model. Indonesia’s national transformation,the emergence and development of ASEAN and China’s reform and open policy jointly transformed the cold war of Southeast Asia from bipolar confrontation to the developmentalism and regional integration. The global cold war was over firstly in Southeast Asia,and the economic cold war had played an important role in the cold war in Southeast Asia.

关 键 词：东南亚经济冷战 国际援助印尼财团 威权政治 多边援助 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易]