从空间视域看《苦行记》中的种族观  

Racial View in Roughing It from Spatial Theory

作　　者：李向云 LI Xiangyun(Department of Foreign Languages,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学外国语学院,成都610225

出　　处：《四川职业技术学院学报》2020年第4期55-61,共7页Journal of Sichuan Vocational and Technical College

摘　　要：《苦行记》不仅是马克·吐温记录西部见闻的游记类作品,也是一部反映马克·吐温早期种族观的作品。在西部旅程的伊始,马克·吐温笔下的印第安人是一个残忍杀戮的民族,经常以荒漠、荒野为家;在旅程的尾声,马克·吐温来到了“中国区”,见到的是勤恳耐劳,谋求生计却在晚上聚集在一起吸食鸦片的中国人。这些区域不仅仅是一种现实的存在,是印第安人和中国移民实实在在的生活环境,同时也是马克·吐温区别于白人种族的一种空间构造,是美国主流意识形态为除白人以外的其他族裔划分的“第三空间”。本文从空间批评的角度出发,主要以索亚的“第三空间”和福柯的权利空间理论作为支撑,解读马克·吐温笔下印第安人和中国人的现实生存环境和空间象征意义,分析马克·吐温早期游记中所体现的种族观。此外,可以读出当时社会背景下,整个国家意识形态中的种族观念。Roughing It is not only an itinerary about western area in America,but also a racial work.In the beginning of his journey,Mark describes a crucial tribe living in the western desert.It is the Indian tribe who always conducts killing and robbing.In the end of his journey,he visits Chinese Quarter,he sees a group of industrious and patient workers there,but addictive to drugging.As a travel literature,Mark writes in accordance with the shift of space.Those places are not only physical existence for Indians and Chinese,but also a spatial structure distinguished from main society.It is a kind of“Third space”that mainly prepared for the others.With the spatial theory,mainly focusing on Edward.W.Soja’s“Third space”and Mechel Foucault’s power space.This paper would prefer to analyze desert and Chinese quarter and their symbolic meaning,therefore revealing Mark’s attitudes to Indians and Chinese—a kind of despise for the inferior.Moreover,readers could get knowledge about racial problem that is constantly a hard nut to crack in America.

关 键 词：荒漠 中国区 第三空间 空间与权利 

分 类 号：I106.6[文学—世界文学]