20世纪下半期太湖流域的河湖养鱼业及其生态效应  

Taihu Lake Basin Fishery and Its Ecological Effect in the Second Half of 20th Century

作　　者：吴俊范[1] WU Jun-fan

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期103-108,128,共7页Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“近百年太湖流域的水环境变化与民众生计适应研究”(项目编号:16BZS022)。

摘　　要：20世纪50年代以后,太湖流域淡水鱼生产从自然捕捞和池塘精养为主转向利用河湖大水面进行全面粗放式养殖,传统的鱼-菱-肥式生态系统被单一封闭的人工养鱼系统所替代,随之而来的是野生鱼产量与生物多样性的下降,以及农田所需的有机肥源被切断。七八十年代随着围荡养鱼和围荡改塘的进一步发展,蓄水排涝与水体富营养化问题逐渐凸显。新世纪以来,各地开始治理河湖水质和水生态修复,对之前过度利用自然水体发展人工养鱼、过量围垦河湖水面等做法进行了纠正。Since 1950s,freshwater fish production mode in Taihu lake basin has changed from mainly depending on natural fishing and intensive pond fishkeeping to extensive fish farming.The traditional fish-caltrop-fertilizer ecosystem is replaced by a single closed artificial fish culture system,which was followed by a decline in wild fish production and biodiversity,as well as the cut-off of organic fertilizers needed for farmland.With the further development of closed fish culture and pond conversion in the 1970s and 1980s,the problems of water storage and drainage and water eutrophication became more and more prominent.In the 21th century,local governments began to harness river and lake water quality to restore water ecology,and correct the previous practices of excessive use of natural water bodies to develop artificial fish cultivation and excessive reclamation of river and lake water surfaces.

关 键 词：20世纪下半期 太湖流域 河湖养鱼 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]