张家口市高耗水农作物种植结构及需水量时空格局变化  

Spatio-temporal patterns of crop planting structure and water requirement in the Zhangjiakou region,northern China

作　　者：黄绍琳 鲁春霞[1,2] 刘一江 HUANG Shaolin;LU Chunxia;LIU Yijiang(Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116000,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第7期1293-1301,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101001)。

摘　　要：通过对张家口市不同尺度的农作物种植结构、需水量时空格局变化进行分析研究,揭示其变化特征,以便为农业结构节水提供重要依据。研究结果表明:1)2005-2015年,张家口市农作物种植结构总体上仍向高耗水方向转变,高耗水农作物种植面积增加了24.75%,水浇地种植面积增加了6%;2015年坝上和坝下高耗水农作物种植面积分别较2005年增加了33.97%和20.7%,坝上的雨养作物总种植面积减少了58.5%,而坝下增加了48.51%,坝上较坝下变化更为剧烈。2)由于高耗水作物种植面积增加,2015年需水量比2005年增加了2.74亿~3.89亿m^3;尽管蔬菜种植结构在向节水和高收益方向转变,但总种植面积扩大使得蔬菜生产需水量增大,2015年比2005年增加了684.44万~684.59万m^3。3)从空间分布来看,张家口市作物生产需水量呈增加趋势,2015年坝上和坝下的农作物需水量分别比2005年增加了22.36%~22.42%和21.46%~21.81%,其中坝上的康保、沽源和坝下的张家口市区、崇礼需水量增加较多,2015年比2005年分别增加了41.19%~41.59%、38.86%~44.78%、43.83%~52.42%和42.67%~45.26%。高耗水作物种植规模的增大是需水量增加的主要原因。Zhangjiakou in northern China is a region with serious water shortage.Agriculture is the largest user of water resources;therefore,conserving water by changing planting structures is crucial.Here,we studied the changes in spatiotemporal patterns of crop planting structure and water requirement at different spatial scales in the Zhangjiakou region.The results showed that 1)from 2005 to 2015,the crop planting structure changed to high water-consuming crops.The planting area of high water-consuming crops increased by 24.75%,and the area of irrigated farmland increased by 6%.At the same time,the planting area of high water-consuming crops on Bashang plateau and Baxia area increased by 33.97% and 20.7%,respectively.The total planting area of rainfed crops decreased by 58.5% in Bashang plateau but increased by 48.51% in Baxia area.2)Because of the increase in the planting area of high water-consuming crops in Zhangjiakou,the water requirement in 2015 was higher by 274 million^389 million·m^-3 than that in 2005.Although the structure of vegetable planting showed changes toward the direction of water saving and high income,the total planting area of vegetable crops increased,which led to a 6.84 million^6.85 million·m^-3 higher water requirement in 2015 than that in 2005.3)In 2015,the water requirement of crops in Bashang and Baxia area increased by 22.36%~22.42% and 21.46%~21.81%,respectively.The water requirement of crops at Kangbao County,Guyuan County in Bashang and Zhangjiakou and,Chongli District in Baxia increased by 41.19%~41.59%,38.86%~44.78%,43.83%~52.42%,and 42.67%~45.26%,respectively,compared to that in 2005.The main reason for the increase in water requirement is increase in the planting area of high-water consumption crops.

关 键 词：种植结构 作物需水量 时空格局变化 张家口 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]