先秦儒家经权说及公羊家对它的思想推进  

The Theory of Regularity and Flexibility of Confucianism in Pre-Qin Dynasty and Its Development in Gong-yang School

作　　者：陈徽[1] CHEN Hui

机构地区：[1]同济大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学分析》2020年第4期45-62,196,197,共20页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：关于经权关系的二重性问题,先秦儒家已有了初步的思考:一方面,权之运用当以从经为前提,惟有知权达变,经的普遍性价值才能得到真正的落实;另一方面,在特殊情况下,权欲通经,须以形式上反经的方式来实现。唯有在公羊家那里,关于反经之权运用的前提、目的、原则等才得到明确地提出和解决。公羊家的这一理论创见既深化了儒家关于反经之权的内涵、本质和功用的认识,也将儒家的经权思想提高到了一个新水平。然而,公羊家“反经达道”的思想被后儒概之为“反经合道”,且因此“反”字而为后儒特别是宋明理学家所误解,招致了诸多非议。作为理学家的代表性人物,程、朱的经权说对于经权关系的思考没有从本质上推进儒家经权思想的发展,并对公羊家的经权说存在许多偏见。这些偏见之所以会发生,既因其思想“以理摄道”的思想运思特点,也因为他们不明公羊家反经之权说的本来面目和究竟意义。As for the duality of the relationship between regularity and flexibility,Confucianism in Pre-Qin dynasty has a preliminary thought:on the one hand,the use of flexibility should be based on the regularity,and only when using flexibility to change,the universal value of the regularity can be truly implemented;on the other hand,in some special cases,in order to make flexibility accord to the regularity,it is necessary to achieve it in the form of“anti-regularity”.Only Gong-yang school can put forward and solvethe premise,purpose and principle of the application of the flexibility of anti-regularity clearly.This theoretical creation of Gong-yang School not only deepens Confucianists’understanding of the connotation,essence and function of the flexibility of anti-regularity,but also raises Confucianism’s thought of regularity and flexibility to a new level.Gong-yang school’s thought of“achieving Tao by anti-regularity”was called“conforming to Tao by anti-regularity”by later Confucianism,and the word of“anti”was misunderstood by later Confucianism,especially Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.As the representative figures of Neo-Confucianism,Cheng-tzu and Zhu-tzu did not advanceessentially the development of Confucian theory of the relationship between regularity and flexibility,and had many prejudices on it.This prejudice occurs not only because of its ideological characteristics of“equating Tao with Li”,but also because it does not know the true face and real meaning of Gong-yang’s theory o“f the flexibility of anti-regularity”.

关 键 词：公羊学 经权说 从经之权 反经之权 反经达道 

分 类 号：B80[哲学宗教—思维科学]