防控动物源疫病大流行的伦理和策略问题  

Ethical and Strategy Issues in Preventing and Controlling the Pandemic of Zoonosis

作　　者：雷瑞鹏[1] 邱仁宗[2] LEI Ruipeng;QIU Renzong(Department of Philosophy,School of Humanities,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430070;Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100000)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学生命伦理学研究中心,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100000

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2020年第8期120-126,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“合成生物学伦理、政策法规框架研究”(项目编号:2018YFA0902400);国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据时代生物样本库的哲学研究”(项目编号:2019ZDA039);华中科技大学文科双一流建设项目文科创新团队“科技治理ELSI研究”。

摘　　要：作者认为我们迄今对疫病大流行采取的防御性策略有着严重的缺陷,建议采取进攻性策略。进攻性策略是旨在使我们在动物源疾病在人群中的传播前或已经检出少数病例时抢先一步,包括事先做好应对的准备,追溯病原体的动物源,研究病原体在动物之间的传播及其可能发生的变异,动物源病原体从动物传播到人的可能及其影响因素,对动物源疾病可能的外溢进行预防和控制。当动物源疾病开始外溢时,在不确定条件下提前采取隔离病人、追踪接触者,对有可能接触散在病例的地区进行局部的检疫和隔离措施,以防止发生暴发。The authors argue that the defensive strategy we have adopted so far in response to a pandemic is seriously flawed and recommend an offensive strategy.Offensive strategy is designed to make us in advance of the spread of zoonosis in the gencral population or already detected a few cases to take pre-emptive actions including tracing the source of zoonosis pathogens,studying the pathogen transmission between animals and its possible variations,exploring the possibility of the spread of the pathogen from animals to humans and its influencing factors,and trying to prevent the possible spillover of zoonosis from animals to humans.When the zoonosis starts to spillover to humans,all necessary interventions should be taken in advance including treating patients in isolation,tracing contacts,implementing quarantine and isolation measures in some local areas in order to prevent the spread of the disease frorm becoming an emergent outbreak even under uncertain conditions.

关 键 词：动物源疾病 防御性策略 进攻性策略 外溢 检测 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]