不同钾肥品种及配施对浙贝母产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Potassium Fertilizers and Application on Yield and Quality of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.

作　　者：邬小红 周浓 侯瑶 朱芙蓉 文明 祁俊生 郭冬琴 Wu Xiaohong;Zhou Nong;Hou Yao;Zhu Furong;Wen Ming;Qi Junsheng;Guo Dongqin(College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China;The Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area′s Medicinal Herbs, Chongqing 404120, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院生物与食品工程学院,重庆万州404120 [2]三峡库区道地药材绿色种植与深加工重庆市工程实验室,重庆万州404120

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2020年第8期6-12,共7页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用示范项目(cstc2018jscx-msybX0367);2018年重庆三峡学院市级大学生实践创新训练项目(201810643027);重庆市创新训练项目项目(201910643022)。

摘　　要：目的:研究不同钾肥品种及配施对浙贝母产量和品质的影响,探究浙贝母对钾肥的需肥规律,为浙贝母的合理施肥、高效栽培提供理论依据。方法:在盆栽土培试验条件下,以氯化钾和硫酸钾为钾肥肥源,基于不施钾肥(CK)及氯化钾和硫酸钾的比例分别为100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75、0∶100共6个不同浓度水平的钾肥,对浙贝母植株生理生化、根际土壤养分、鳞茎品质及其产量进行了测定。结果:与CK组相比,氯化钾和硫酸钾及其两者配比施肥均能促进浙贝母叶肉细胞的光合作用强度,提高浙贝母叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量及保护酶活性,增强了浙贝母抗不利环境的能力,促进了浙贝母的生长发育。两种钾肥及配施均促进浙贝母植株的养分吸收,能提高浙贝母鳞茎生物量,并显著提高生物碱含量与累积量,且氯化钾和硫酸钾25:75配施时,浙贝母各生物碱成分含量最高,但不同钾肥品种及配施对浙贝母叶片的生理生化、土壤养分、鳞茎生物量及生物碱含量的影响有所差异。两种钾肥相比,硫酸钾对生物碱成分含量的提升作用优于氯化钾。结论:浙贝母生产中推荐选用氯化钾和硫酸钾25:75配施作为钾源,以提高浙贝母产量和品质。Objective:In order to find out the regularity of fertilizer requirement of Fritillaria thunbergii,and to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization and high-efficiency cultivation of F.thunbergii,the effects of different potassium fertilizers and their application on the yield and quality of F.thunbergii were studied.Methods:Under the potted soil culture condition,potassium chloride and potassium sulfate were used as the source of fertilizer.And 6 different levels of the ratios of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate were set as follows:non-potassium fertilizer(CK),100∶0,75∶25,50∶50,25∶75,0∶100 were aplied to F.thunbergii.The plant physiology and biochemistry,nutrient in rhizosphere soil,bulb quality and yield of F.thunbergii.were determined.Results:Compared with the non-potassium fertilizer(CK)group,in the other five potassium fertilizers groups,the photosynthesis intensity of mesophyll cells,the soluble protein,soluble sugar content and protective enzyme activity of F.thunbergii.were improved,the resistance to adverse circumstances was stronger,and the growth and development ability of F.thunbergii.were promoted.Both potassium fertilizers and combined application promoted the nutrient uptake of F.thunbergii,increased the bulb biomass of F.thunbergii,and significantly increased alkaloid content and accumulation.When potassium chloride and potassium sulfate were mixed at 25:75,the content of alkaloids was the highest.However,the effects of different potassium fertilizers and their application on the physiological and biochemical of leaves,soil nutrient,bulb biomass and alkaloid content of F.thunbergii.were different.Comparing the two potassium fertilizers,the promotion effect of potassium sulfate on the content of alkaloids was better than that of potassium chloride.Conclusion:In the production,it is recommended to use potassium chloride and potassium sulfate mixed at 25∶75 as potassium source to improve the yield and quality of F.thunbergii.

关 键 词：浙贝母 钾肥 氯化钾 硫酸钾 产量 生物碱 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]