古罗斯的终结:17世纪俄罗斯文学的历史性转型  

The End of Old Rus’ : The Historical Transformation of Russian Literature in the 17^th Century

作　　者：吴笛 Wu Di(Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages,Shaoxing 312000,China;the School of Humanities,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江越秀外国语学院 [2]浙江大学人文学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2020年第4期32-40,共9页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“俄罗斯小说发展史”(18AWW005)。

摘　　要：自公元10世纪至17世纪,俄罗斯文学一直独立于世界文学进程之外。17世纪则标志着"古罗斯文学"(古代俄罗斯文学)的终结,是俄罗斯文学从古代向近代文学转型的一个世纪。然而俄罗斯近代文学是否如普希金所说,没有祖先没有谱系呢?本文主要就俄罗斯文学在17世纪的富有历史意义的文化转型入手,对这一问题做出呼应,并探索古罗斯文学终结的历史特性,认为俄罗斯文学的转型既与俄国社会历史语境以及俄罗斯传统文化密切相关,同时也与世界文学的进程,尤其是西欧文学中的大量世俗性作品在俄国的译介具有一定的关联。正是这两个方面的作用,引发俄罗斯文学创作逐渐背离宗教题材以及反抗异族战争的英雄题材,开始贴近日常生活,并向社会现实题材转向,为其后的俄罗斯近现代文学的发展和繁荣打下了坚实的基础。Russian literature was consistently independent from the advancement of world literature from the 10^th century to the 17^th century A.D.The 17^th century marked the end of"the old Rus’literature"(old Russian literature),and it was a century in which Russian literature went through its transition from antiquity to modern literature.But did the modern Russian literature,as Aleksandr Pushkin said,develop without ancestors and genealogies?By taking the historical cultural transformation of Russian literature in the 17^th century as a point of departure,this essay tries to respond to this issue and explore the special historical reasons for the end of old Rus’literature,arguing that the transformation of Russian literature is closely related not only to the Russian socio-historical context and its traditional culture,but also to the advancement of world literature and,particularly,the Russian translation of a large number of secular works from Western European literature.It was these two factors that prompted Russian literature to shift gradually away from the religious themes and the heroic themes about wars against foreign nations.Consequently,it began to stick close to the daily life and extract its subject matter out of social realities,thus laying a solid foundation for the subsequent development and prosperity of the modern Russian literature.

关 键 词：古代俄罗斯文学 近代文学 历史性转型 

分 类 号：I512.09[文学—其他各国文学]