播栽方式对2个籼稻品种抗倒伏能力的影响  

Effects of Planting Methods on Lodging Resistance of Two Indica Rice Varieties

作　　者：蒋明金[1,2] 大川泰一郎 马均 JIANG Mingjin;OOKAWA Taiichiro;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China;Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550006,China;Graduate School of Agriculture,Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,3-5-8 Saiwai-cho,Fuchu 183-8509,Tokyo,Japan)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所,贵阳550006 [3]东京农工大学大学院,东京府中183-8509

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2020年第4期391-398,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300506);Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)by the Japan Society for thePromotion of Science(15H04442);国家留学基金委项目(201606910002)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确播栽方式对水稻抗倒伏能力的影响。【方法】以籼稻品种Tachisugata和Hokuriku193为材料,设置了直播和移栽2种播栽方式,研究其对水稻茎秆形态学、解剖结构以及茎秆化学成分含量的影响。【结果】播栽方式对水稻茎秆折断型和弯曲型倒伏均有显著影响,直播处理水稻茎秆的断面系数、抗挠刚度和惯性力矩分别比移栽处理显著降低12.27%、28.80%和19.33%,折断弯矩小,抗倒伏能力弱。同时,与移栽处理相比,直播处理水稻株高降低6.85%,茎秆长度变短8.73%,茎秆基部节间的外径短轴和内径短轴分别显著减小7.55%和13.55%,大维管束面积显著降低10.89%,茎秆纤细。此外,播栽方式对2个籼稻品种抗倒伏能力的影响也存在一定差异。与移栽处理相比,直播处理Tachisugata茎秆基部节间长度显著增加,外径长轴和短轴长度均显著变短,茎壁厚度显著增加,机械组织厚度显著降低;而播栽方式对Hokuriku193茎秆基部节间长度、外径长轴、短轴、茎壁厚度和机械组织厚度的影响不显著,但直播处理Hokuriku193茎秆基部节间横切面面积显著减小,纤维素含量显著降低,淀粉含量显著增加。【结论】播栽方式主要改变了水稻茎秆长度(特别是基部节间)、基部节间形态结构(维管束面积、横切面面积、机械组织厚度)以及其化学成分含量(木质素、纤维素和半纤维素),最终影响水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力。【Objective】To clarify the effects of planting method on lodging resistance of rice.【Method】The effects of direct-seeded rice and transplanted rice on the culm morphology,anatomical traits and chemical composition of rice were conducted with Tachisugata and Hokuriku193 were used as materials.【Result】The planting method had a significant effect on the breaking and bending-type lodging of rice.The section modulus,flexural rigidity and secondary moment of inertia of direct-seeded rice were significantly decreased by 12.27%,28.80%and 19.33%than those of transplanted rice,respectively,which resulted in a lower bending moment at breaking and poor lodging resistance.Compared with transplanted rice,the plant height of direct-seeded rice was significantly decreased by 6.85%,and the culm length was shortened by 8.73%,the outer diameter of the minor axis and the inner diameter of the minor axis of the basal internode were significantly decreased by 7.55%and 13.55%,the area of large vascular bundle of the basal internode was 10.89%smaller,which resulted in a slender culm in direct-seeded rice.Furthermore,the differences in the lodging resistance of these two indica rice varieties affected by planting method were also observed.Compared with transplanted rice,the length of the basal internode and the thickness of the culm wall of Tachisugata were increased but the outer diameter of the major axis,the inner diameter of the major axis and the thickness of mechanical tissue were decreased in direct-seeded rice.The effect of planting method on the length of the basal internode,the outer diameter of the major axis,the inner diameter of the major axis,the thickness of culm wall and mechanical tissue of the basal internode of Hokuriku193 were not significant.However,the cross-sectional area and cellulose content of Hokuriku193 were significantly decreased while the starch content was significantly increased in direct-seeded rice.【Conclusion】The planting method mainly changed the culm length(especially the basal interno

关 键 词：水稻 播栽方式 抗倒伏 解剖结构 化学成分 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]