模拟氮沉降初期对柳杉人工林土壤动物群落结构的影响  

Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition at Early Stage on the Structure of Soil Fauna Community in Cryptomeria fortunei Plantation

作　　者：田娇娇 蒋璐 曾珍[4] 陈良华 肖玖金[1,2,3] 张健 TIAN Jiaojiao;JIANG Lu;ZENG Zhen;CHEN Lianghua;XIAO Jiujin;ZHANG Jian(Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River&Rainy,Chengdu 611130,China;Institute of Ecology&Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室,成都611130 [3]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,成都611130 [4]成都市农林科学院,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2020年第4期439-448,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助(2019YJ0427,2019YJ0416);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(31400457);四川省景观与游憩研究中心资助项目(JGYQ2018032)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了解氮沉降初期对柳杉人工林土壤动物群落结构的影响。【方法】以NH_4NO_3进行模拟施氮,设置CK:0 g/(m^2·a)和T1:5 g/(m^2·a)、T2:10 g/(m^2·a)、T3:15 g/(m^2·a)、T4:20 g/(m^2·a)5个浓度梯度。分别在施氮2个月和4个月后,采用大型土壤动物手捡法和干、湿漏斗分离法对各样地中的土壤动物群落特征进行调查。【结果】结果显示:试验共捕获4 037只土壤动物,隶属于2门9纲30目。施氮处理2个月后,各样地土壤动物的平均密度排序为:T2>CK>T1>T4>T3,类群数大小排序为:T3>CK=T2=T4>T1;施氮处理4个月后,各样地土壤动物的平均密度的排序为:CK>T1>T4>T2>T3,类群数大小排序为;CK>T3>T1=T2>T4。施氮2个月后,各样地间土壤动物的平均密度和类群数差异均不显著(P>0.05),但施氮处理4个月后,各样地间的土壤动物的平均密度和类群数差异均达到极显著(P<0.01)。土壤动物类群分布具有表聚性特征,同时,氮沉降降低了各层土壤动物类群数。施氮处理总体上增加了土壤动物的多样性指数和均匀度指数,降低了优势度和丰富度,其中,T3样地的多样性指数和均匀度指数均显著高于其它样地(P<0.05),而优势度指数显著低于其他样地(P<0.05)。【结论】氮沉降初期减少了柳杉人工林土壤动物数量和类群数,且适当浓度的氮沉降会使土壤动物多样性增加,对柳杉人工林土壤动物群落结构产生了一定的影响。【Objective】In order to understand the effect of nitrogen deposition on the initial stage of soil fauna community structure of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation.【Method】Simulated nitrogen was based on NH4NO3.Five concentration gradients of CK:0 g/(m^2·a),T1:5 g/(m^2·a),T2:10 g/(m^2·a),T3:15 g/(m^2·a)and T4:20 g/(m^2·a)were set up.After 2 and 4 months of nitrogen application,the community characteristics of soil fauna in each field were investigated by large-scale hand picking method and dry and wet funnel separation method.【Result】The results showed that 4037 soil fauna were captured in the experiment,belonging to 30 orders,9 classes and 2 phyla.After 2 months of nitrogen application,the order of average density was T2>CK>T1>T4>T3,and order of group number was T3>CK=T2=T4>T1.After 4 months of nitrogen application,the order of average density was CK>T1>T4>T2>T3,and the order of group number was CK>T3>T1=T2>T4.There were no significant difference in average density and number of groups of soil fauna among different sites after 2 months of nitrogen application(P>0.05),but the extremely significant difference in average density and number of groups of soil fauna among different sites were found after 4 months of nitrogen application(P<0.01).Soil fauna groups have the characteristics of surface accumulation in the vertical distribution,and nitrogen deposition reduces the number of soil fauna groups in each layer.The diversity index and Pielou index of soil fauna increased,and the Simpson and Margalef index decreased after applying nitrogen.Among the treatments,the diversity index and Pielou index of T3 plot were significantly higher than that in other plots(P<0.05),but the Simpson index was significantly lower than that in other plots(P<0.05).【Conclusion】In general,nitrogen deposition in the early stage reduced the number of soil fauna and groups,but increased the diversity of soil fauna,which affected the community structure of soil fauna in Cryptomeria fortunei plantation.

关 键 词：氮沉降 柳杉人工林 土壤动物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]