基于Ridit分析的肾移植受者症状经历分布特征研究  

A Study on the distribution characteristics of renal transplant recipients’ symptom experience based on Ridit analysis

作　　者：方跃艳 储爱琴 张甜 袁丽[1] 张海玲 FANG Yue-yan;CHU Ai-qin;ZHANG Tian;YUAN Li;ZHANG Hai-ling(Department of Nursing,First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China(Anhui Provincial Hospital),Hefei,Anhui 230001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)护理部,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第16期3064-3068,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家临床重点专科建设项目(国卫办医函〔2018〕292号)。

摘　　要：目的比较肾移植受者症状经历在不同时期及不同性别中的分布特征,以期为临床干预提供参考。方法采用器官移植患者症状发生及症状困扰量表对在244例肾移植受者进行调查,运用Ridit分析法进行分析。结果症状发生前3位为食欲旺盛、面部和身体毛发增多、满月脸,症状困扰前3位为身体毛发增多、难以集中注意力/记性差、满月脸。总体症状经历Ridit值在术后超过2年(t=7.317~15.280,P<0.001)及女性患者(t=6.250~7.305,P<0.001)中得分较高。术后2年内患者食欲旺盛的Ridit值较术后超高2年的患者高(t=2.191~2.227,P<0.05),而认知能力下降及容易淤青的Ridit值较术后超过2年的患者低(t=-3.823^-2.251,P<0.05);女性患者头发稀疏或脱发、认知能力下降及容易淤青的Ridit值较男性患者高(t=2.845~6.022,P<0.01),而男性患者皮肤油腻及面部和/或背部痤疮的Ridit值较女性患者高(t=2.677~5.631,P<0.01)。结论肾移植受者症状经历存在独特的时间和性别分布特点,医护人员应针对不同特征患者进行精准的症状管理。Objective To compare the distribution of symptom occurrences and experiences of renal transplant recipients in different periods and genders,and to provide references for clinical interventions.Methods A total of 244 kidney transplant recipients were investigated by the Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale,and the Ridit analysis was used.Results The first three symptoms in terms of symptom occurrence were strong appetite,increased facial and body hair,and full moon face.The first three symptoms in terms of symptom distress were increased facial and body hair,difficulty concentrating/memory,and a full moon face.The Ridit values of overall symptom experience was higher in recipients with postoperative duration of more than 2 years(t=7.317-15.280,P<0.001)and in female patients(t=6.250-7.305,P<0.001).The Ridit value of increased appetite in patients within 2 years after operation was higher than that of patients with postoperative duration of more than 2 years(t=2.191-2.227,P<0.05),while the Ridit values of cognitive decline and prone to bruising were lower(t=-3.823--2.251,P<0.05).The Ridit values of sparse hair or hair loss,cognitive decline and prone to bruising in female patients were higher than those of male patients(t=2.845-6.022,P<0.01),while the Ridit values of greasy skin and facial and/or back acne in male patients were higher than those of female patients(t=2.677-5.631,P<0.01).Conclusion The clinical experience of renal transplant recipients is characterized by unique time and gender distribution,and medical staff should pay attention to patients with different characteristics,so as to provide accurate symptom management.

关 键 词：肾移植受者 症状经历 RIDIT分析法 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]