黄河口清水沟尾闾河道演变过程分析与改道风险评估  

Analysis of river course evolution and diversion risk assessment of Qingshuigou channel in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：韩沙沙[1] 郑珊[1] 谈广鸣[1] 王开荣[2] HAN Shasha;ZHENG Shan;TAN Guangming;WANG Kairong(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Yellow River Instilute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2020年第8期659-666,共8页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51779183,51409193)。

摘　　要：黄河口清水沟流路从1976年至今已行河43 a,其演变过程与稳定关系着黄河口区域的生产发展。在以往研究基础上,依据1976—2015年利津水沙资料,提出了基于时段的水沙搭配判定指标,并结合清水沟尾闾河道实测断面资料,分析了尾闾河道形态调整及冲淤变化。结果表明,清水沟流路的演变可分为Ⅰ滩槽快速淤积、Ⅱ主槽冲深展宽、Ⅲ主槽淤积萎缩及Ⅳ主槽窄深发展4个阶段;采用国际上常用的改道参考指标,包括河道纵横比降比值及无量纲滩槽差,定量评估了清水沟尾闾河道改道风险随时间和空间的变化特点,可知河道在第Ⅲ阶段末清7断面附近最易发生改道;采用滞后响应模型,建立了河道纵比降演变趋势的模拟方法,可知在第Ⅳ阶段末清水沟尾闾河道纵比降已趋于平衡值。Qingshuigou channel,a recent river at the Yellow River Delta(YRD),has been flowing for more than four decades since 1976.The evolution of the Qingshuigou channel and its stability are related to the development of the YRD area.Based on previous studies,a time-based determination index of water and sediment collocation was proposed in this paper according to the data of water and sediment discharges at the Lijin Station from 1976 to 2015.The Qingshuigou trail channel morphology adjustments were analyzed according to the cross-sectional measured data,and then the volumes of scouring and silting in the channel were calculated as well.The results showed that the geomorphic adjustment processes of the Qingshuigou channel could be divided into four different phases:PhaseⅠ-rapid deposition of beach trough,PhaseⅡ-blanking and widening of main trough,PhaseⅢ-silting and shrinking of main trough,and PhaseⅣ-narrow-depth development of main trough.Commonly used reference indexes for river diversion,such as the ratio of horizontal to vertical gradients,and the dimensionless difference of beach to trough,were applied to evaluate the characteristics of channel diversion risk along time and space of the Qingshuigou channel.It was indicated that the channel reaches close to Q7 were the most prone to diversion by the end of PhaseⅢ.Based on the delayed response model,the estimating method of the river longitudinal gradient evolution trend was established.The simulation results demonstrated that the longitudinal slope of the Qingshuigou channel had reached the equilibrium value by the end of PhaseⅣ.

关 键 词：黄河口 清水沟 演变 改道 来水来沙 调水调沙 清8改汊 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]