木基炭微纳功能骨架  

Wood-Derived Carbon Functional Materials

作　　者：卢芸[1] 李景鹏 张燕 仲国瑞 刘波[1] 王慧庆 Yun Lu;Jingpeng Li;Yan Zhang;Guorui Zhong;Bo Liu;Huiqing Wang(Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Department of Polymer,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;China National Bamboo Research Center,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091 [2]合肥工业大学化学与化工学院高分子系,合肥230009 [3]国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心,杭州310012

出　　处：《化学进展》2020年第7期906-916,共11页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31870535,51603059)资助。

摘　　要：木基炭骨架能精准遗传木材经过长期进化所形成的层次分明、构造有序的天然多级结构,这种炭骨架由于特殊的层级结构特征,在生物模板、传感器、吸油材料和纳米材料制备基材等方面有巨大应用潜力。同时还可作为一类新型的骨架进行微纳功能修饰和结构二次调控,在海水淡化、污水清理、能源存储与转化等诸多领域具有极为广阔的应用空间。本文首先介绍了木材的基本结构,综述了木材热解过程中结构的变化,介绍了近年来木材炭化骨架作为新型功能材料的前沿应用,对应用过程中亟待解决的问题进行了剖析,并对木基炭骨架材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。本综述旨在重新对木材层级结构进行功能化开发,从而推动木材在功能材料领域的蓬勃发展。The wood-based carbon skeleton is derived from natural wood after pyrolysis.The wood-derived carbon inherits the hierarchical structural of the pore morphology and connectivity formed by the long-term evolution of wood.Due to its special structure,the carbon skeleton has huge application potential in the aspects of biological templates,sensors,oil absorbent,nanomaterial preparation,etc.The hierarchical wood-derived carbon skeleton could be further treated as a new type of scaffold,after the micro-/nano-scale modification and secondary regulation of the pores,it has extremely broad application in many innovative fields such as seawater desalination,environmental remediation,energy storage materials and electrochemical catalysis.This article first introduces the hierarchical structure of wood,describes several important stages of structural changes in the process of the wood pyrolysis,and then summarizes the application of wood-derived carbon skeleton as advanced materials in recent years.We also discuss the pros and cons of the functional carbon in the application,and prospect the future research works of wood-based carbon materials.The purposes of this review are to re-examine and functionally develop the wood hierarchical structure and to promote the development of wood as advanced materials.

关 键 词：木材 炭化 微纳结构 功能材料 层级结构 

分 类 号：TB484.2[一般工业技术—包装工程] TQ351.2[化学工程]