我国葡萄主产区的土壤养分丰缺状况  

Status of Soil Fertility in Main Grape Producing Areas of China

作　　者：李宝鑫[1] 杨俐苹[2] 卢艳丽[2] 师校欣[1] 杜国强[1] LI BaoXin;YANG LiPing;LU YanLi;SHI XiaoXin;DU GuoQiang(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第17期3553-3566,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201300);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2018100204)。

摘　　要：【目的】目前我国葡萄园土壤养分研究滞后和缺乏科学的施肥指导,逐渐成为制约葡萄产业可持续发展的焦点问题。本研究旨在明确我国葡萄主产区土壤速效养分的丰缺状况并提出合理施肥建议,从而促进我国葡萄产业的健康可持续发展。【方法】2018年在我国的葡萄五大主产区(东北冷凉气候产区、华北及环渤海湾产区、秦岭-淮河以南亚热带产区、西北及黄土高原产区、云贵高原及川西高海拔产区)共采集了1100份土壤样品,分别测定土壤pH,有机质及速效大、中、微量元素含量,并运用ArcGIS软件绘图,明确我国葡萄主产区土壤养分丰缺状况及其空间分布特征。【结果】我国葡萄主产区土壤pH范围为2.9—9.6,中性土壤在全国占比仅为11.7%;有机质平均含量仅为11.42 g·kg^-1(缺乏),有机质缺乏的土壤占比78.8%;大、中、微量元素平均含量分别为速效氮77.8 mg·kg^-1(中等)、有效磷97.2 mg·kg^-1(丰富)、有效钾214.7 mg·kg^-1(中等)、有效钙1670.8 mg·kg^-1(丰富)、有效镁299.0 mg·kg^-1(丰富)、有效硫72.5 mg·kg^-1(极丰富)、有效铁83.9 mg·kg^-1(丰富)、有效铜5.8 mg·kg^-1(极丰富)、有效锰16.1 mg·kg^-1(丰富)、有效锌6.5 mg·kg^-1(丰富)、有效硼2.86 mg·kg^-1(丰富)。【结论】我国葡萄主产区适宜葡萄生长的中性土壤较少,面积占比仅为11.7%,有机质含量为11.42 g·kg^-1,有机质处于缺乏水平的土壤面积占比为78.8%;速效氮(77.8 mg·kg^-1)、有效钾(214.7 mg·kg^-1)含量偏低,有效磷(97.2 mg·kg^-1)含量偏高;中量元素有效钙、镁、硫含量处于丰富水平,但不同地区之间钙、镁含量差异较大;微量元素有效铜(5.8 mg·kg^-1)含量极为丰富,铁、锰、锌、硼含量均处于丰富水平,但部分区域仍存在养分缺乏的现象。各主产区可依据土壤养分丰缺状况进行区域性配方施肥,合理补充大、中、微量元素。【Objective】The lagged soil fertility research and lacked scientific fertilization instruction in vineyards have gradually become the focus of restricting the sustainable development of the grape industry in China.Soil fertility status was investigated to formulate a suitable fertilization strategy so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of grape industry in China.【Method】1100 soil samples were collected from the vineyards located in the five main grape producing areas in China(Northeast cold climate producing areas,North China and Bohai Bay producing areas,Qinling-Huaihe River subtropical producing areas,Northwest and Loess Plateau producing areas,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Western Sichuan high altitude producing areas)respectively in 2018,and measured soil pH,organic matter,and available macro,medium and microelements content respectively.The status of soil fertility and its spatial distribution characteristics in the main grape producing areas of China were maped out by ArcGIS.【Result】It showed that pH value range of soil in the main grape producing areas was 2.9-9.6,neutral soil was only 11.7%in selected soil samples in main grape producing areas of China;The average content of soil organic matter were 11.42 g·kg^-1(deficient),and the proportion of soil with organic matter deficiency was 78.8%;The average contents of the nutrients were available N 77.8 mg·kg^-1(medium),available P 97.2 mg·kg^-1(rich),available K 214.7 mg·kg^-1(medium),available Ca 1670.8 mg·kg^-1(rich),available Mg 299.0 mg·kg^-1(rich),available S 72.5 mg·kg^-1(extremely rich),available Fe 83.9 mg·kg^-1(rich),available Cu 5.8 mg·kg^-1(extremely rich),available Mn 16.1 mg·kg^-1(rich),available Zn 6.5 mg·kg^-1(rich),available B 2.86 mg·kg^-1(rich).【Conclusion】There was small proportion of soil with neutral pH value,which was suitable for grape growth in the main grape producing areas of China,and the area ratio is only 11.7%.Organic matter content is 11.42 g·kg^-1,and 78.8%of soil area with organic m

关 键 词：中国 葡萄主产区 土壤养分 丰缺状况 施肥建议 ARCGIS 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]