新冠肺炎疫情防控期间中国社交媒体中的海外华人形象——基于爬虫技术获取大数据的分析  

The Image of Overseas Chinese in China’s Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic:An Analysis of Big Data with the Python Crawler Technology

作　　者：耿羽[1] GENG Yu(Institute of Sociology,Fujian Academy of Social Sciences,Fuzhou 350001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建社会科学院社会学所,福建福州350001

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2020年第3期10-20,共11页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：论文通过爬虫编程抓取疫情防控期间中国社交媒体数据,探讨了在新冠肺炎疫情这种突发的重大公共卫生事件下,海外华人媒介形象的建构问题。论文认为,在新媒体尤其是自媒体风行的时代,新冠肺炎疫情防控期间中国社交媒体中的海外华人媒介形象呈现多元类型,既有在祖(籍)国和住在国"双重"的抗疫防疫形象,也有在祖(籍)国和住在国"双重"的被质疑者乃至被歧视者形象。值得一提的是,2020年3月中下旬,海外华人在中国曾遭遇严重的负面形象危机,但很快通过政府"稳定器"、主流媒体"把关人"、受众"自净化"等机制实现形象修复。其启示之一是媒介形象修复依赖于"现实社会—媒介—受众"三重因素共同发挥作用;启示之二是开放的网络环境,虽然会生成大量夸大信息和不实信息,但同时,包括海外华人在内的受众,可以通过主动发声以及辩论讨论,消除误会,弥合分歧,激活理性健康的正能量。此次疫情,对于海外华人的网络媒介形象构建,有"危",更有"机"。Applying the Python Crawler Technology,the research analyzes the big data collected from Chinese social media during the COVID-19 pandemic,and discusses the configuration of the image of overseas Chinese in a public health emergency.In an era of new media,especially self-media,booming in China,the country’s cyberspace has manifested various images of the Chinese overseas during the pandemic.In both their host countries and China,overseas Chinese have been seen battling against the virus,but have also been victimized by prejudice and misunderstanding.Their image in China was severely damaged from mid to late March,but was restored quickly,thanks to the Chinese Government’s intervention and a"gatekeeper"role played by mainstream Chinese media and audience"self-purification"mechanism.This case may provide two useful references.One points to social reality,media and audience,all of which contributed to the restoration of the overseas Chinese image.The other suggests that overseas Chinese as an audience may speak out for themselves and actively participate in public discussions and debates in order to eliminate misunderstandings caused by misinformation including disinformation.The COVID-19 pandemic has created a challenge and also an opportunity for constructing a positive image of the overseas Chinese.

关 键 词：公共卫生事件 新冠疫情 海外华人 媒介形象 爬虫编程 

分 类 号：D634.3[政治法律—政治学] G206.3[政治法律—中外政治制度]