基于UWB和RFID相融合的矿井人员定位系统设计  

Design of Mine Personnel Positioning System Based on the Combination of UWB and RFID

作　　者：刘世森 LIU Shisen(China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute,Chongqing 400039,China;State Key Laboratory of Gas Disaster Monitoring and Emergency Technology,Chongqing 400037,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400039 [2]瓦斯灾害监控与应急技术国家重点实验室,重庆400037

出　　处：《自动化仪表》2020年第8期82-86,共5页Process Automation Instrumentation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2018YFC0808300);中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司重点基金资助项目(201002119,201002120)。

摘　　要：当前矿井人员管理系统以考勤为主,进行精确定位管理投入成本过高。根据矿井现场应用需求,提出一种基于超宽带(UWB)和射频识别(RFID)相融合的矿井人员定位系统设计方案。阐述了系统的总体架构和工作原理。针对矿井一维线性空间,采用飞行时间(TOF)测量方法,利用已知的定位基站之间的距离计算出标志卡位置,并对定位误差进行了详细分析。分析结果表明,定位误差与标志卡与定位基站之间的距离没有直接关系,定位基站之间无需进行时钟同步。给出了定位基站和标志卡的硬件设计方案和软件功能实现思路,采用集成无线发送和接受的无线芯片DW1000实现UWB精确定位,采用nRF24L01无线射频芯片实现区域定位,解决了如何同时实现区域定位和精确定位问题。实践表明,该系统定位精度达到了0.3 m以内,兼容RFID区域定位功能,在进行系统升级时可降低成本,满足矿方需求。The current mine personnel management system is mainly based on attendance,and the investment cost of precise positioning management is too high.According to the field application requirements of the mine,a design scheme of mine personnel positioning system based on the fusion of ultra wide band(UWB)and radio frequency identification(RFID)is proposed.The overall structure and working principle of the system are described.The measurement method of time of flight(TOF)is used to calculate the location of the identification card using the distance between known positioning base stations,considering the one-dimensional linear space of the mine.The positioning error is analyzed in detail.The results show that the positioning error is not directly related to the distance between the identification card and the positioning base station,and no time synchronization is required between the positioning base stations.The hardware design scheme and software function implementation ideas of the location base station and the identification card are given.The integrated wireless chip DW1000 is used to realize UWB precise positioning,and radio frequency chip nRF24L01 is used to realize area positioning,which solves the problem of how to realize area positioning and precise positioning at the same time.The practice shows that the positioning accuracy of the system is within 0.3 m,and it is compatible with RFID regional positioning function.When upgrading the system,the cost can be reduced to meet the mining demand.

关 键 词：超宽带 射频识别 飞行时间 定位基站 标志卡 DW1000 NRF24L01 

分 类 号：TH86[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]