优化施氮对夏玉米产量及水氮利用的影响  

Effect of Optimized Nitrogen Application on Summer Maize Yield and Water-Nitrogen Utilization

作　　者：李升东[1] 冯波[1] 韩伟 李文杰 李宗新[3] 王宗帅[1] 李华伟[1] 毕香君 司纪升[1] 张宾[1] Li Shengdong;Feng Bo;Han Wei;Li Wenjie;Li Zongxin;Wang Zongshuai;Li Huawei;Bi Xiangjun;Si Jisheng;Zhang Bin(Crop Research Institute,Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shangdong Agricultural Technique Popularizing Station,Jinan 250100,China;Maize Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业技术推广总站,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院玉米研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第8期57-63,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划粮食丰产科技工程项目(2017YFD0301003);国家重点研发计划“小麦肥药双减”项目(2017YFD0201706);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B04)。

摘　　要：通过两年田间试验,以玉米品种郑单958(ZD958)和登海605(DH605)为材料,研究农户传统施氮、专家施氮和优化施氮3个施氮处理对夏玉米产量和水氮利用的影响。结果表明,优化施氮处理优于农户传统施氮处理和专家施氮处理,可以明显提高夏玉米的干物质积累、产量、氮肥偏生产力和水分利用率等指标。其具体的施肥措施为:基施氮磷钾复合肥(26-11-11)300kg/hm^2,大喇叭口期追施尿素75kg/hm^2,吐丝期追施尿素120kg/hm^2,总施纯氮量为168.0kg/hm^2。可见,初期少施基肥、之后于合适的生育期追加氮肥的科学施肥方式,不仅可以提高作物产量还可提高水肥的利用效率,对于减少肥料污染也具有重要意义。Based on maize varieties Zhengdan 958(ZD958)and Denghai 605(DH605),we studied the effects of traditional nitrogen application,expert recommended nitrogen application and optimized nitrogen application on summer maize yield and water and nitrogen utilization through two-year tests in the field.The results showed that the optimized nitrogen application was better than the traditional nitrogen application and the expert recommended nitrogen application,which could significantly improve the dry matter accumulation,yield,nitrogen fertilizer productivity and water use efficiency of summer maize.The specific fertilization method was:300 kg·hm^-2 of compound fertilizer(26-11-11)as base fertilizer,75 kg·hm^-2 of urea during the large flare period,and 120 kg·hm^-2 of urea during the silking period;the total nitrogen application rate was168.0 kg·hm^-2.It could be concluded that the early application of base fertilizer and the scientific fertilization method of adding nitrogen fertilizer in the appropriate growth period could not only improve crop yield but also improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer,and was also of great significance for reducing fertilizer pollution.

关 键 词：夏玉米 优化施氮 产量 氮肥偏生产力 水分利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]