论全国人大“例会”的召集——从全国人大常委会推迟决定切入  

On the Convening of the Regular Session of the National People's Congress--Starting from the Postponement Decision by the Standing Committee of the NPC

作　　者：赖伟能 Lai Weineng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《政治与法律》2020年第9期22-37,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“我国国家权力配置的功能主义原理研究”(项目编号:19BFX041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《宪法》第61条确立的全国人大的例会召集制度,是人大组织议事的基础性制度。“由全国人大常委会召集”具有权义复合的双重性质,常委会拥有决定何时召开、谁来主持和引导会议以及审议讨论哪些事项等组织程序权力,又拥有组织和促成会议召开以及高效审议之义务。全国人大组织法和议事规则对例会召集进行了具体化展开,形成了全国人大例会召集的制度框架,包括了召集的主体和客体、召集的次数和时间、召集的地点限制等。在这一规范内涵和制度框架之下,应当认识到基于突发疫情作出的推迟决定存在合法性瑕疵,而非常状态下政治运行受阻具有全国人大独特的制度性因素,因此必须通过制度化的程序设计为推迟提供合法性依据并作出限制,保障全国人大会议稳定、有序、及时的召开和有效地行使国家权力。全国人大会议召集的制度形成与实践有序来之不易,应当认真对待我国《宪法》第61条的规范价值并不断完善组织议事制度,以适应新时代下人大制度的发展。Article 61 of the Constitution of China establishes the system on convening a regular session of the National People's Congress which is the basic system for the procedure of the People's Congress."Convening by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress"has dual natures of power and duty that is the Standing Committee has the procedural power to decide when to convene who will preside over and guide a meeting and what to be considered and discussed and has the obligation to organize and facilitate the meeting and efficient deliberation.The Organic Law and Rules of Procedure of the National People's Congress have given details on the convening of regular session and formed the institutional framework of convening regular sessions of the National People's Congress including the convening subject and objects the restriction on the frequency time and place etc.Under this normative connotation and institutional framework we should realize that there are flaws in the legitimacy of the postponement decision and the blockage of political operation of the NPC under extraordinary conditions has its unique institutional factors therefore institutional design on procedure should be provided as the legitimacy basis for and restrictions on the postponement so as to ensure the stable orderly and timely convening of NPC and its effective exercise of state power.It is not easy to form and practice the system on convening regular sessions of NPC we should take the normative value of Article 61 of the Constitution seriously and constantly improve the rules of procedure so as to adapt to the development of the NPC system in the new era.

关 键 词：宪法 全国人大例会 全国人大常委会召集 推迟决定 例外条款 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]