全球化背景下国际社会处理族群与国家关系的模式研究  

A Study on the Model of the International Society’s Dealing with Relations between Communities and States in the Context of Globalization

作　　者：沈桂萍[1] SHEN Gui-ping(Teaching and Research Department of The United Front Theory,The Central Institute of Socialism,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央社会主义学院统一战线理论教研部,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期14-21,共8页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部课题“民族地区中小学中华民族共同体意识构建机制研究”(项目编号:MJZXHZ19008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在全球化日益深入的今天,世界各国普遍面临着把诸如语言、文化、宗教等因素整合到统一的民族国家体系的国家建设任务。公民权保障政策、多元文化政策、国族一体化、基于族群因素的区域自治,是世界上大多数国家探索的处理族群多样性与国家一体化建设张力的几种主要模式。少数族群公民权的承认和保护是少数族群对所属国家产生认同、增强国家归属感的基本条件。多元文化政策如果只停留在承认、尊重和保护文化差异性,而没有同步推进文化间、文化和社会交流交融,这种多元文化政策不足以维系国家统一。国族一体化模式,在尊重差异、包容多样的基础上,通过多种制度和政策的有效配合,加强不同文化间的沟通与相互认同,在巩固国家认同方面是成功的。基于族群因素而实施区域自治的地方,如果国家整合区域联动发展的能力弱,往往导致自治地方与本国其他地区经济社会联动发展的脱节,容易滋生分离倾向。对我国的借鉴意义主要体现在:对处于弱势地位的少数族群公民给予政策扶持,提高个体实现公民权的能力,努力减小族群边界与社会阶层分界的重叠,打破族群身份固化可能为族群主义势力发展留下组织空间,避免族群身份成为各种政治力量进行社会动员的工具,有助于铸牢中华民族共同体意识,推进民族团结进步。Today,with the deepening of globalization,countries all over the world are faced with the task of constructing a nation integrating language, culture and religion into a unified national system.Citizenship guarantee policy,multicultural policy,national integration and regional autonomy based on ethnic factors are the main models explored by most countries in the world to deal with the tension between ethnic diversity and the construction of national integration. Recognition and protection of the citizenship rights of ethnic communities is a basic condition for ethnic communities to identify with their country and enhance their sense of belonging.Multicultural policies that only recognize,respect and protect cultural differences,without simultaneously promoting the integration of intercultural,cultural and social exchanges,are not sufficient to sustain the national unity. It has been successful in attaining consolidating national identity for the model of national integration on respect for differences,tolerance and diversity,and through the effective coordination of various systems and policies to strengthen communication and mutual recognition among different cultures.Where regional autonomy is implemented on the basis of ethnic factors,if the State ’s ability to integrate regional coordinating development is not strong enough, it often results in the disconnection between autonomous areas and the economic and social coordinating development of other parts of the country,which can easily generate inclination towards separation. The reference to our country is mainly reflected as follows:giving policy support to ethnic citizens in vulnerable position,improving individual ability to realize citizenship capability,minimizing the overlap between ethnic boundaries and social strata,breaking the solidification of ethnic identity may leave organizational space for the development of ethnic forces,and avoiding to make ethnic identity as a tool for social mobilization by various political forces.

关 键 词：族群多样性 个体公民权保障 多元文化政策 国族一体化 区域自治 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]