影响东北的两个罕见气旋发展机制对比  

Comparison of Development Mechanisms of Two Cyclones Affecting Northeast China

作　　者：高松影 赵婷婷 宋丽丽 孟鑫 李瑞晗 罗箭宇 张旭 潘晓 Gao Songying;Zhao Tingting;Song Lili;Meng Xin;Li Ruihan;Luo Jianyu;Zhang Xu;Pan Xiao(Dandong Meteorological Observatory of Liaoning Province,Dandong 118000;Liaoyang Meteorological Observatory of Liaoning Province,Liaoyang 111000;Shenyang Institute of Atmos pheric Environment,CMA,Sh enyang 110166)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省丹东气象台,丹东118000 [2]辽宁省辽阳气象台,辽阳111000 [3]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110166

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2020年第5期556-569,共14页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划(2018YFC1506803)。

摘　　要：2007年3月3—5日和2016年5月2—3日有两个气旋(简称C304和C502)在江淮流域生成后,以相似路径影响东北地区,但发展强度不同。利用常规观测资料和NCEP FNL分析资料,通过对涡度平流、温度平流、湿位势涡度及锋生函数等物理量进行诊断并结合高、低空环流形势对两个气旋发展动力机制进行对比分析,结果表明:C304低空温度平流在气旋发展初期起主要作用,高空正涡度平流为地面气旋发展提供高空辐散场,地面气旋中心上空垂直上升运动增强,对流层低层斜压性明显,气旋性涡度增加主要在对流层下层,低空斜压强迫是主要发展机制;C502低空温度平流弱,斜压性不明显,高空正涡度平流促使高空闭合环流发展,对流层上层有高湿位涡舌发展下垂并与对流层下层正湿位涡柱耦合贯通,垂直上升运动分布在地面气旋中心两侧,高空位涡下传是主要发展机制。两个气旋发生发展在对流层上层两支急流共存、急流非纬向性反气旋性弯曲环流形势下,对流层低层为气旋式环流背景。Two cyclones(C304 and C502)generated in the Jianghuai Basin on 3-5 March 2007 and 2-3 May2016,affect the northeast region in a similar way.However,their intensities are different.The development of C304 is strong whereas that of C502 is explosive.Based on NCEP FNL analysis data and conventional data,their development dynamics are comparatively analyzed,through diagnosis of vorticity advection,temperature advection,moist potential vorticity and frontogenesis function,combining with the circulations of high and low altitudes.The result shows that the vorticity factor and thermal factor play roles in deepening cyclone development and guiding cyclone movement.There are strong cold and warm temperature advections at low attitudes in the process of the strong evolution of C304.High-level positive vorticity advection located above the ground cyclone provides high-level divergence field.During the explosive development of C502,cold and warm advections are inconspicuous.Highly positive vorticity advection is located in front of the high-attitude trough.The development of high-level closed circulation is promoted by the high-level positive vorticity advection.As for C304,strong frontogenesis and frontolyzes symmetrically develop on the lower troposphere,whereas the baroclinicity of C502 is inconspicuous.Positive moist potential vorticities strongly develop in the upper and lower troposphere unusually.C304 vorticity increases mainly in the lower troposphere,however,C502 vorticity increases mainly in the upper troposphere where the high-humidity vortex tongue develops drooping and merges with the troposphere below the positive wet-position vortex column.Two cyclones develop with coexistence of two high-level jets,non-latitude jet and the anticyclonic curved circulation.Southerly and northerly airflows are established in the background of the cyclonic circulation at 850 hPa.C304 is located on the left front of the southerly airstream,and C502 is located between the southerly and northerly airstreams.Under the effect of low-le

关 键 词：强烈发展气旋 爆发性气旋 斜压性 位势涡度 高空急流 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]