旅游外交的形成、内涵和变化  

Tourism Diplomacy: Origin, Characteristics, and Evolution

作　　者：项文惠[1] XIANG Wenhui

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学之江学院,杭州310024

出　　处：《国际展望》2020年第5期102-118,160,161,共19页Global Review

摘　　要：旅游外交是一种新的外交形态,正在国际关系尤其是国际政治事务中扮演重要角色。它具有借助旅游的渠道或工具实现国家利益、实施主体多元、表现形式多样、理论基础复杂等突出特征。从全球范围来看,旅游外交形成于第二次世界大战后,是大众旅游快速发展的结果,也是全球化时代国际社会相互依存度不断加深的产物,更是国家行为体与非国家行为体共同发挥作用的体现。未来五到十年,旅游外交的内涵和态势或将发生变化:在基本目标上,从国家利益的维护者转变为新型国际关系的推进者;在实施主体上,从由国家行为体主导扩展为由非国家行为体践行;在实践操作上,将探索基本目标、实施主体、表现形式、理论基础中尚未思考和有待深入思考的问题。中国的旅游外交形成于改革开放后,是“领域外交”的重要组成部分。中国首先提出这一概念,并提升到新时代国家战略的高度加以推进。这是中国把握自身和全球旅游发展及国内、国际形势变化做出的一项战略选择,不仅有助于中国特色大国外交布局的形成,也是对外交理论和实践的创新。当然,在对外交往活动中如何进一步实施旅游外交,仍面临一系列挑战。中国应坚持和平发展道路,努力经略新型国际关系,理性利用客源资源,打造中国特色的旅游外交模式,更好地服务于中国特色的大国外交。As a new form of international diplomacy,tourism diplomacy is playing an increasingly important role in global affairs.It emerged immediately after the Second World War and has been growing very fast in an increasingly interconnected world.It takes various forms and involves multiple actors,from private citizens to non-state entities.With the role of the state in international diplomacy being diminished,the forms and substance of tourism diplomacy will increasingly be influenced by non-state actors,from private citizens’personal will to international organizations’missions.China regards tourism diplomacy as an issue of strategic importance and has incorporated it into its overall diplomatic planning.Robust tourism diplomacy is now a strategic asset in China’s foreign policy.China has abundant tourism resources and has long been an active participant in international tourism diplomacy.Looking forward,Beijing’s tourism diplomacy will continue to be conducted within Beijing’s foreign policy of peaceful rise and aimed at promoting a new pattern of state-to-state relations.

关 键 词：全球化 旅游外交 旅游政治 中国外交 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学]