城市落户门槛与劳动力回流  

Return Migration and the Hukou Registration Reform in Chinese Cities

作　　者：张吉鹏 黄金[3] 王军辉 黄勔[3] ZHANG Jipeng;HUANG Jin;WANG Junhui;HUANG Mian(Research Institute of Economics and Management,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics;China Household Finance Survey and Research Center,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济与管理研究院,公共经济与行为研究平台 [2]西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查与研究中心,610074 [3]西南财经大学经济与管理研究院,610074

出　　处：《经济研究》2020年第7期175-190,共16页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：西南财经大学中央高校重点研究基地项目(JBK190601);基本科研业务费专项基金(JBK1805007);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B16040);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JBK1805002)的资助。

摘　　要：劳动力回流是理解户籍改革对空间经济结构影响的关键。已有研究大多依据是否有户籍地以外的生活经历来定义回流,忽视了大规模的户籍迁移群体。本文利用2017年与2019年中国家庭金融调查数据,对回流进行了更准确的测度和区分,分析发现:跨市回流群体在劳动人口中的比重超过跨市流动人口占比;回流人口多从经济发达地区回到欠发达的户籍所在地的城镇地区;回流群体在外务工期间和回到户籍地后的稳定性都不高。实证研究表明,城市落户门槛是导致回流的重要因素,对低技能、跨省流动、农村户籍和健康较差群体有显著影响。落户门槛影响回流的主要机制是流动人口的公共服务可得性,这是要素市场化和公共财政改革的重要方向。Although a vast body of literature has examined migration within China,few studies have examined return migration,especially using a nationally representative sample.Return migration refers to the return of migrants from a work/residential location to the place where they are registered(without transferring their hukou to their work location).However,the literature often mixes return migration with hukou transfer because the standard definition of migrants in China is based on the separation of the hukou and working/living locations,which leads to the overestimation of return migration.This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by using the latest data from the 2017 and 2019 China Household Finance Surveys(CHFS).This unique dataset is ideal for studying return migration because it contains detailed information on migration and the changes in hukou registration over time in addition to detailed individual demographic and household financial information.This paper begins with an analysis of the latest trends of three groups of migrants:the floating population(migrants),return migrants,and migrants with hukou transfer.Then,we combine the CHFS data with a newly constructed China hukou registration index(CHRI)of Chinese cities and investigate the relationship between return migration and the urban hukou registration constraints.To construct the CHRI,we first categorize the local hukou registration policies in terms of employment,talent programs,investment(including taxation),and home purchases,and then index the corresponding hukou registrations for 120 cities in two stages(2000-2013 and 2014-2017).There has been significant progress in the intensity and scope of the hukou reform since 2013.Hence,we focus on the 2014-2017 period.Our analysis of the latest trends in labor mobility and return migration in China reveals the following findings.(1)Return migration across cities accounts for 12.6%of the total labor force,which is greater than the proportion of the floating population of 8.9%.Furthermore,the cross-ci

关 键 词：劳动力回流 城市落户门槛 农业转移人口市民化 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]