基于大型桥梁的最优交通流量控制策略选择  

Selection of optimal traffic control strategy based on large bridge

作　　者：周兵[1,2] 王传生 刘芳亮[3] ZHOU Bing;WANG Chuan-sheng;LIU Fang-liang(School of Management and Engineering,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;China Communications Construction Company,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China;CCCC Highway Consultants CO.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学管理工程学院,北京100070 [2]中国交通建设集团有限公司,北京100088 [3]中交公路规划设计院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期68-77,共10页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1511102);国家自然科学基金项目(U1711265)。

摘　　要：为了获取大型桥梁的最优经济收益,以南京市某大桥为例,借助海量实时采集荷载数据,在保证桥梁结构安全的前提下,寻求最优交通流量控制策略。首先,通过大桥结构健康监测系统获取海量实时数据,统计梳理车辆荷载的变化规律,选取一段时间的车辆荷载数据进行统计分析并建立概率分布模型,定量分析交通荷载下的交通设施的结构状况,从而挖掘交通荷载量与结构变化的关联特性,并建立模型得到最优控制策略。然后,重点考虑与桥梁结构及经济效益相关度最高的若干指标:交通荷载对结构的损伤、桥梁性能退化速率、桥梁损伤养护所需资金、对环境污染的影响和日交通收费值,建立5个目标函数和1个拥堵指数的约束条件,通过熵值法计算各项指标的权重,并利用线性加权求和法将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,利用贪心算法找到最优解,制定既要保证充足的交通流量及交通收费,又要考虑桥梁的安全状态和维修费用,最终寻求大桥日常运行收益最大化的交通流量最优控制策略。研究结果表明:经过实时数据模拟实例验证指出,在交通荷载严重饱和的前提下,不加控制的交通收费并非最佳管理决策方案;将交通荷载控制在一定范围内,不但能保证桥梁的可持续运营,降低过量荷载对桥梁结构的不可逆损伤风险,减少年度养护维修费用支出,还能有效提高桥梁运营效率,追求投资回报的最大收益。In order to obtain the optimal economic benefits of large bridge,a bridge in Nanjing was taken as an example,with the help of massive real-time load data collected,the optimal traffic control strategy was sought on the premise of ensuring the safety of the bridge structure.Firstly,through massive real-time data was acquired by bridge structural health monitoring system,the variation law of vehicle load was statistically combed,and a period of time of vehicle load data for statistical analysis was selected,and a probability distribution model was established to analyze the structural conditions of traffic facilities under quantitative traffic load,thus mining the correlation characteristics between traffic load and structural changes.The model was established to obtain the optimal control strategy.The model focused on several indexes that have the highest correlation with bridge structure and economic benefits:damage to structure,degradation rate of bridge performance,funds needed for bridge damage maintenance,impact on environmental pollution and daily traffic charge value.Five objective functions and a constraint condition of congestion index were established.The weight of each index was calculated by entropy method.The multi-objective problem was converted into a single-objective problem by linear weighting method.The greedy algorithm was used to find the optimal solution and formulate the optimal control strategy of bridge traffic volume.The strategy should not only ensure sufficient traffic volume and transportation charges,but also consider the safety status and maintenance costs of the bridge,and finally sought to maximize the daily operating income of the bridge.The results show that through real-time data simulation examples,under the premise of severe saturation of traffic load,uncontrolled traffic charge is not the best management decision scheme.Controlling traffic load within a certain range can not only ensure the sustainable operation of the bridge,reduce the risk of irreversible damage to the bridg

关 键 词：桥梁工程 大型桥梁 效益分析 最优控制策略 贪心算法 

分 类 号：U446[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]