作物杂种优势预测研究进展  

Research Progress in Prediction of Crop Heterosis

作　　者：韩亚丽 林春晶[1] 赵丽梅[1] 张春宝[1] HAN Yali;LIN Chunjing;ZHAO Limei;ZHANG Chunbao(Soybean Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130018,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2020年第3期30-34,共5页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190101007JH);吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2017TD002、CXGC2017JQ004)。

摘　　要：杂种优势是一种天然现象,即杂交后代在产量、适应性和对生物胁迫及非生物胁迫方面表现出超过双亲的特点。由于杂种优势能够使农作物产量和抗性等方面显著提升,故在农业生产中得到广泛应用。目前植物学家们已经初步解释了作物杂种优势形成机理和遗传机制,但是杂种优势的形成原因复杂有待深入研究。本研究阐述了杂种优势预测方法及主要农作物对杂种优势的应用进展,可以预见未来的研究会通过先进的测序技术结合多组学研究来逐步阐明杂种优势的复杂机理。同时更多地挖掘与杂种优势相关的基因、分子标记;创新杂种优势的预测方法,从而为杂种优势利用提供准确的方向。Heterosis is a natural phenomenon,that is to say,the hybrid offspring show stronger traits than their parents in yield,adaptability and abiotic stress.Heterosis has been widely used in agricultural production because it can significantly improve crop yield and resistance.At present,botanists have preliminarily explained the formation mechanism and genetic mechanism of crop heterosis,but the reasons of the heterosis are complex and need to be further studied.In this study,the prediction methods of heterosis and the application progress of main crops on heterosis were elaborated.It can be predicted that the complex mechanism of heterosis will be gradually clarified through advanced sequencing technology combined with multi omics research in the future.At the same time,more genes and molecular markers related to heterosis should be excavated,and the prediction methods of heterosis should be innovated,so as to provide accurate direction for the utilization of heterosis.

关 键 词：作物杂种优势 遗传机理 分子标记 杂种优势预测 

分 类 号：S334.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种]