覆膜滴灌施肥条件下钾肥运筹对玉米产量及钾素吸收利用的影响  

The Effects of Potassium Management on Maize Yield,Potassium Absorption and Utilization under Mulched Drip Irrigation

作　　者：尹彩侠[1] 李前[1] 孔丽丽[1] 秦裕波[1] 王蒙 侯云鹏[1] 刘志全[1] YIN Caixia;LI Qian;KONG Lili;QIN Yubo;WANG Meng;HOU Yunpeng;LIU Zhiquan(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2020年第3期35-40,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程自由创新项目(CXGC2018ZY013);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300604);农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金项目(KLPNF-2018-1);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目(NMBF-Jilin-2019);吉林省科技基础条件与平台建设计划(20160623030TC)。

摘　　要：通过两年的田间试验,系统地分析了覆膜滴灌条件下,钾肥不同运筹模式(不施钾肥(K0),基肥=100%(K1),基肥∶拔节期=50%∶50%(K2),基肥∶拔节期∶大口期=50%∶30%∶20%(K3),基肥∶拔节期∶大口期∶开花期=50%∶20%∶5%∶5%(K4))下玉米不同生育时期植株生物量和氮素累积以及成熟期的分配特征,并研究了不同钾肥运筹模式对玉米产量、钾素利用效率及钾素转运效率的影响。结果表明,在不同钾肥运筹方式中,K2、K3和K4处理玉米产量均高于钾肥一次性基施(K1)处理,其中K3处理的玉米产量最高,较K1处理2015~2016年分别增产7.6%和9.1%。K2、K3和K4处理钾素吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力均高于K1处理,其中以K3处理最高,较K1处理两年钾素吸收利用率分别提高41.0%和7.0%,农学利用率提高幅度分别为49.5%和68.5%,偏生产力提高幅度分别为7.6%和9.1%。合理的钾肥运筹模式提高了玉米干物质积累和钾素累积量,提升了植株钾素的吸收利用能力,促进了花后植株养分的转运效率,K3处理的转运效率最高,较K1处理分别提高20.1%(2015年)和17.7%(2016年)。可见,在覆膜滴灌、施钾量为90 kg/hm^2条件下,该地区最佳钾肥运筹模式为基肥∶拔节期∶大口期=50%∶30%∶20%。A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the plant biomass at different growth periods,nitrogen accumulation and the distribution characteristics at maturing stage,and the effects of different potassium fertilizer management modes on maize yield,potassium utilization efficiency and translocation efficiency under mulched drip irrigation.Five fertilizer combinations were evaluated,including K0(no potassium fertilizer),K1(100%basal fertilizer),K2(basal fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer=50%∶50%),K3(basal fertilize∶jointing fertilizer∶belling fertilizer=50%∶30%∶20%)and K4(basal fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶belling fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer=50%∶20%∶15%∶15%).The results revealed that maize yield of K2,K3 and K4 treatments were higher than that of K1 treatment under different potassium management modes.The yield of K3 treatment was the highest than that of K1 treatment,with the increment of 7.6%(2015)and 9.1%(2016).The potassium recovery efficiency(REK),agronomic efficiency(AEK)and partial factor productivity(PFPK)of K2,K3 and K4 treatments were higher than them of K1 treatment,respectively.And REK,AEK and PFPK of K3 treatment were the highest than them of K1 treatment,with the increment of 41.7%,49.5%,7.6%(2015)and 7.0%,68.5%,9.1%(2016),respectively.The rational potassium management modes improved the accumulation of dry matter and potassium of maize,enhanced the capacity of potassium absorption and utilization,and promoted the translocation efficiency of plant nutrients after flowering stage.And the translocation efficiency of K3 treatment achieved the highest than that of K1 treatment,with the increment of 20.1%(2015)and 17.7%(2016).Therefore,the rational potassium management mode was taken 50% as basal fertilizer,30% at jointing stage and 20% at belling stage with 90 kg/ha of potassium fertilizer under mulched drip irrigation.

关 键 词：覆膜滴灌 玉米 钾肥运筹 产量 钾素利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]