公共产品视角下文物博物馆产品属性划分及供给模式  

Products Attributing and Funding Patterns of Museums and Cultural Relics Institutions in China Discussed in the Perspective of Public Goods

作　　者：郭春媛 GUO Chun-yuan(Zhengzhou Museum,Zhengzhou,Henan,450006)

机构地区：[1]郑州博物馆,河南郑州450006

出　　处：《东南文化》2020年第4期145-151,共7页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：传统的文物博物馆事业依据单位属性将不同的文物部门划分为国有与非国有两种类型,并据此界定经费投入方式。虽然两者都向社会提供文化产品,但国有文物博物馆单位全部由政府作为经费供给主体全额投入,非国有单位以自筹资金为主,政府鲜有投入。随着时代的发展和文物博物馆事业经营主体的多样性趋势,这种以单位属性划分经费供给模式的标准应逐步转向社会供给的文化产品类型区别经费供给模式,突破体制限制。公共产品视角下,文物博物馆事业供给模式的探索,应着眼于建立投资主体多元化的理论依据,为非国有文物博物馆单位获得财政投入寻求可能,从而缓解供需矛盾,减轻财政负担,提高供给质量,亦为提升文化遗产行业的社会力量参与度、促进文物"活起来"发挥积极作用。Conventionally in China,museums and other cultural relics related institutions have been identified as state owned and non-state owned,assigned funding with different patterns.While both provide cultural products to society,state owned museums and cultural relics institutions are fully funded by governments while the non-state owned rely primarily on self-raised funds with little input from governments.With the development of the times and the diversifying of the operational bodies of museums and cultural relics institutions,the funding pattern that is defined by the institution’s attribution should be changed to one that considers the cultural products this institution is providing without being restrained by its administrative attribution.To explore the funding patterns of museums and cultural relics institutions in the perspective of public goods may provide theoretical support to the diversification of the investing subjects,and make it possible for non-state owned museums and cultural relics institutions to receive governmental funding,which will mitigate the imbalance between demand and supply,reduce financial burdens,and improve the quality of supply to cultural products.It may also help to increase the participation of social entities in the cultural and heritage industry and promote the campaign of"let cultural relics come alive".

关 键 词：文物博物馆事业 博物馆 公共产品 产品属性 供给模式 

分 类 号：G260[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]