以空间句法方法探寻传统村落的深层空间结构  

Explore the Deep Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages by Space Syntax Approach

作　　者：戴晓玲[1] 浦欣成[2] 董奇[3] DAI Xiaoling;PU Xincheng;DONG Qi

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学设计与建筑学院,杭州310023 [2]浙江大学建筑工程学院,杭州310058 [3]中国美术学院设计艺术学院,杭州310024

出　　处：《中国园林》2020年第8期52-57,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号51878612、51678515)资助。

摘　　要：传统村落是否具有相对稳定的空间组合模式,即深层空间结构?采用空间句法方法对27个传统村落进行建模分析,以2种算法表达2类不同的组构中心,即最小角度距离中心及最短欧式距离中心。研究发现,自然原生的村落具有双重高效的空间结构:其核心既利于熟悉路径的村民四处活动,也利于外来访客便捷地到达中心或在交易完毕后离开村庄。研究证实,传统村落在形态演变过程中,会形成公共空间网络与使用功能布局的同构关系,从而对深层结构的稳定性起到锚固作用。村落功能中心的位置具有结构惯性,成就其形态记忆的特质。通过空间句法量化方法及其可视化表达,对抽象的文化景观予以清晰的图示化表达,从而为历史村镇的延续性设计提供理性支撑。Does the traditional village own a relatively stable deep spatial structure?This paper discusses this subject by analyzing public spatial networks in 27 traditional villages by the space syntax method.By comparing two types of syntactic cores(shortest angular distance and shortest metric distance),it is found that historical villages have a dual efficient spatial structure,which allow both the occupants wandering around and strangers come and go for business.It is proposed that,in the naturally evolving process,rural settlements would form a consensus between spatial structures and layout of functions,which then gain a certain degree of stabilization for their deeper spatial structures.The function cores then gain the structural inertia,which established the morphological memory property of the villages.Moreover,this paper demonstrates that quantitative space syntax analysis and visualization skill can be helpful to extract the graphic representation of culture landscape,and therefore provide rational evidence for designing the historical rural settlements.

关 键 词：风景园林 传统村落 文化景观 空间句法 结构惯性 中心性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]