醋酸纤维素的降解及其影响因素研究进展  

Research Progress of Cellulose Acetate Degradation and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：杨齐 YANG Qi(Sichuan Push Acetati Co.,Ltd.,Yibin 644300,China)

机构地区：[1]四川普什醋酸纤维素有限责任公司,四川宜宾644300

出　　处：《塑料工业》2020年第8期1-6,156,共7页China Plastics Industry

摘　　要：醋酸纤维素(CA)降解方式包括光降解、水解、生物降解及各降解方式的协同,本体降解是主要降解方式,而不是本体腐蚀。光降解对过滤嘴用途特别重要,增加光敏剂或光催化剂,可加速光降解,该方法可拓展应用到污水处理领域。水解与生物降解的第一步为脱乙酰基过程,当取代度(DS)达到一定范围后,开始纤维素断链,生物降解开始,最后形成对环境无害的CO 2、H 2 O和甲烷。降解速度受测试方法的影响特别大,需要采用标准化方法,否则可能得出错误结论。但总的来说CA降解速度太慢,如何加速可从CA的DS大小及其分布均匀性、增塑剂选择等来考虑。添加酸性或碱性物质,均能加速水解。与其他天然高分子、生物降解高分子共混和化学改性,可加快生物降解速度,并可将CA使用范围拓宽到药物缓释、组织工程以及污水处理等领域。降解与稳定是一对矛盾,对于耐用消费品,就应反其道而行之,防止出现降解的因素,以保证加工与使用过程中不出现降解与变色。The degradation methods of cellulose acetate(CA)included photodegradation,hydrolysis,biodegradation and the synergy of various degradation methods.Bulk degradation was the main degradation method,not bulk corrosion.Photodegradation was particularly important for the use of cigarette filters.Adding photosensitizers or photocatalysts could accelerate photodegradation.This method could be extended to the field of sewage treatment.The first step of hydrolysis and biodegradation was the deacetylation process.When the degree of substitution(DS)could reach a certain range,cellulose chain breakage began,biodegradation began,and finally environmentally friendly CO 2,H 2 O,and methane were emitted.The degradation rate was particularly affected by the test method,and a standardized method needed to be used,otherwise a wrong conclusion may be drawn.But in general,the degradation rate of CA was too slow,and accelerated CA degradation can be considered from the DS of CA,its substitution distribution uniformity,plasticizer selection and so on.Adding acidic or alkaline substances can accelerate the hydrolysis.Blending with other natural polymers or biodegradable polymers or the chemical modified CA can accelerate the rate of biodegradation,and can broaden the scope of CA to drug slow-release,tissue engineering and sewage treatment.Degradation and stability were a contradiction.Therefore,for durable consumer products,the opposite should be done to prevent degradation factors to ensure that degradation and discoloration do not occur during processing and use.

关 键 词：醋酸纤维素 生物降解 水解 光降解 崩解 酶解 真菌降解 生物高分子 生物降解高分子 

分 类 号：O636􀆰[理学—高分子化学]