施氮量对燕麦种子产量及其构成因子的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application on seed yield and its components of oat (Avena sativa L.)

作　　者：刘卓 杨彦军 王琼 王钰 胡世强[5] 兰剑[1,6] LIU Zhuo;YANG Yanjun;WANG Qiong;WANG Yu;HU Shiqiang;LAN Jian(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Grassland Station of Pengyang County,Pengyang 756500,China;Grassland Station of Yuanzhou District,Guyuan 750600,China;Grassland Station of Xiji County,Xiji 756200,China;Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center of Longde County,Longde 756300,China;Modern Grassland Engineering Technology Research Center,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏彭阳县草原站,宁夏彭阳756500 [3]宁夏原州区草原站,宁夏固原750600 [4]宁夏西吉县草原站,宁夏西吉756200 [5]宁夏隆德县畜牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏隆德756300 [6]宁夏大学现代草业工程技术研究中心,银川750021

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020年第16期100-104,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发项目“暖温性荒漠草原退化草地修复及生产力提升技术研发与示范”(2016YFC0500505);宁夏科技厅支撑项目“宁夏中部干旱带特色优势作物品种引选”专项“耐旱优质牧草新品种选育与配套技术研究”课题(2014[327])。

摘　　要：为了探讨宁夏中部干旱带施氮量对燕麦种子产量及其构成因子的影响,试验采用双因素裂区试验设计,氮肥施用量为主区,分别为对照(不施氮肥,N0)和施氮肥112.2 kg/hm2(N1)、143.25 kg/hm2(N2)、174.3 kg/hm2(N3);燕麦品种为副区,分别为青牧燕麦(C1)、科纳燕麦(C2)。在燕麦成熟期,测定2个燕麦品种种子产量,计算种子增产量、相对产量和每千克氮增产量;测定燕麦种子产量构成因子指标(全穗粒重、单穗重、百粒重、每穗小穗数、每小穗粒数、每穗节数、穗长、分蘖数),并对燕麦种子产量和各个构成因子指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:施氮处理对燕麦种子产量有影响。在施氮量为143.25 kg/hm2时,青牧和科纳燕麦的种子产量均显著或极显著高于其他处理(P<0.05或P<0.01),分别为1588.22 kg/hm2和2204.88 kg/hm2;在施氮量为143.25 kg/hm2时,单穗重、每穗小穗数、每小穗粒数、每穗节数、穗长和分蘖数均为最大值;燕麦品种种子产量与全穗粒重、单穗重、每小穗粒数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与每穗小穗数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明在生产中,可以通过燕麦穗部性状优劣来提前预测燕麦种子产量高低,施氮量为143.25 kg/hm2水平是燕麦种子高产最佳施氮量。In order to discuss the effect of N application rate on oat seed yield and its component factor in the middle arid zone of Ningxia, a double-factor split zone test design was adopted for the experiment. Nitrogen application amount was the main zone, including no nitrogen application(N0), 112.2 kg/hm2(N1), 143.25 kg/hm2(N2), 174.3 kg/hm2(N3).Two oat varieties, Qingmu(C1)and Kena(C2), were used as material.The seed yield of two oat varieties was measured at the ripe stage of the oats, the increased seed yield, relative yield, yield increase, contribution rate of nitrogen increase and composition factor of two oat seeds were analyzed, the components of oat seed yield(total ear grain weight, single ear weight, 100-grain weight, spikelet number per ear, grain number per spikelet, node number per ear, ear length, tiller number) were determined,and the correlation between seed yield and composition factor of oat was analyzed.The results showed that there was the effects of nitrogen application on oat seed yield. When nitrogen application was 143.25 kg/hm2 under N2 treatment, the seed yield of Qingmu and Kena oat was significantly higher than that under other treatments(P<0.05 or P<0.01), which were 1 588.22 kg/hm2 and 2 204.88 kg/hm2, respectively.When nitrogen application amount was 143.25 kg/hm2, the maximum values of single ear weight,spikelet number per ear, grain number per spikelet, node number per ear, ear length and tiller number were higher than those of other treatments.The seed yield of oat varieties was positively correlated with total ear grain weight, single ear weight and grain number per spikelet(P<0.05) and were extremently positively correlated with spikelet number per ear(P<0.01). It was suggested that the yield of oat seed can be predicted in advance by the ear traits of oat and the nitrogen application rate of 143.25 kg/hm2 was the optimal application amount for high yield of oat seeds.

关 键 词：燕麦 施氮量 氮肥 种子产量 种子产量构成因子 相关分析 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学] S544.9