野生桑种质云果桑2号的驯化及栽培要点  

Domestication and Cultivation Keypoint of Wild Mulberry Germplasm Yunguosang 2

作　　者：李镇刚[1] 冉瑞法[1] 刘淑娟[1] 吴克军[1] 刘永辉[1] 储一宁[1] 黄平[1] Li Zhengang;Ran Ruifa;Liu Shujuan;Wu Kejun;Liu Yonghui;Chu Yining;Huang Ping(Sericulture Apiculture Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mengzi Yunnan 661101,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所,云南蒙自661101

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2020年第2期133-139,共7页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18);向仲怀院士工作站课题(2019IC025)。

摘　　要：云南地形复杂、气候类型多样,独特的高原立体气候造就了云南桑树资源为全国之最,为优良桑品种的选育提供了丰富的育种素材。通过多年来对保存的桑树资源进行生物学性状调查,发现一株来源于河口县南溪镇的野生桑树,其发条力旺盛,结果较多且果味酸甜可口。利用扦插和嫁接的方法扩繁并对其进行驯化栽培,发现该株系发芽早、发芽率高,长势快,枝条多、耐剪伐,留短枝栽培时产果量稍低但鲜食口感好,留长枝栽培时产果量高、酸度高,可用于酿造加工;叶片小而厚、深绿色、光滑无毛,产叶量低,不适合养蚕。果实小而多,平均单果质量3.5 g,成熟桑椹紫黑色,总黄酮含量较高,有一定的保健作用,属于早生中熟果用桑品种,适合在低海拔高积温地区栽培,一年可结3次果。该品种于2019年通过云南省种子管理站现场鉴评,定名为云果桑2号。The complex terrain and diversified climate create the unique plateau three-dimensional climate in Yunnan Province,which bring about the most abundant mulberry resources and germline resources in China for breeding excel-lent mulberry varieties.Through years of investigations on biological characteristics of preserved mulberry resources,a wild mulberry tree was identified in Nanxi Town,Hekou County with strong germinating ability and high yield of tasteful fruits.After propagation by cutting and grafting and domestication,this variety was found to germinate early with high germination rate,and grow fast with abundant branches for cutting.Although its short shoot has slightly lower yield of fruit,the taste is better.In contrast,long shoot had high yield of fruit but sour taste,which could be used for brewing and processing.Due to its small,thick,smooth and hairless dark green leaf with low yield,it is not suitable for silkworm rea-ring.Fruits of this variety are small and plentiful with average fruit weight of 3.5 g.The atropurpureus ripe fruit has high content of total flavonoids which is good for health.As a mulberry variety with early-growing and medium-ripe fruit,it is suggested to be planted in low-altitude and high-temperature area where it can fruit 3 times a year.This variety was named as Yunguosang 2 after on-site evaluation by Seed Management Station of Yunnan Province in 2019.

关 键 词：野生资源 云果桑2号 果桑 驯化 栽培 

分 类 号：S888.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]