含石蜡燃料在固液混合发动机中的燃烧效率研究  

Combustion Efficiency of Paraffin-Based Fuels in Hybrid Rocket Motor

作　　者：王印 胡松启[1] 刘林林[1] 刘雪莉 李连强 WANG Yin;HU Song-qi;LIU Lin-lin;LIU Xue-li;LI Lian-qiang(Science and Technology on Combustion,Internal Flow and Thermo-Structure Laboratory,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China;Weapon Industry Health Research Institute,Xi an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学燃烧、热结构与内流场重点实验室,陕西西安710072 [2]兵器工业卫生研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《推进技术》2020年第8期1807-1813,共7页Journal of Propulsion Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51606157);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2017JQ5068);上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2017-125);西北工业大学研究生创意创新种子基金(ZZ2019059)。

摘　　要：为了提高含石蜡燃料在固液混合发动机中的燃烧效率,从推进剂的燃烧热值定义出发推导了燃烧效率表达式,并通过地面试车实验和热力学计算研究了催化剂、氧化剂喷注方式、后燃室容积对燃烧效率的影响。结果表明:推进剂的燃烧效率变化趋势可由特征速度效率表示,但更为精确的燃烧效率表达式应为特征速度效率的平方;燃料中添加卡托辛、亚铬酸铜和硬脂酸钴可使燃烧效率分别提高32.8%,43.3%和52.0%;相比涡轮转子和螺旋喷注器,离心式喷注器的旋流效果更好,可促进燃料与氧化剂掺混,从而更有利于提高含石蜡燃料的退移速率和燃烧效率;增加后燃室长度可提高燃烧效率,但较长的后燃室散热损失和流动损失较高从而导致比冲较低,当后燃室长度为80mm时,燃烧效率可达89.3%,因此得出了三种有效提高含石蜡燃料燃烧效率的方法。In order to improve the combustion efficiency of paraffin-based fuels in the hybrid rocket motor,the more accurate formula of the combustion efficiency was derived from the combustion heat of propellant,and the effects of the catalysts,injection ways and the length of aft-combustion chamber on the combustion efficiency were studied through the motor ground tests and thermodynamic calculations.The results show that the combustion efficiency is positively correlated with the characteristic velocity efficiency,but the more accurate formula is used by the square of characteristic velocity efficiency.Some catalysts are beneficial to combustion efficiency which was improved by 32.8%,43.3%and 52.0%by adding Catocene,CuCr2O4 and C36H70CoO4,respectively.The swirl effect of swirling injector is better than turbine rotor injector and spiral injector,so the mixture of the fuel and the oxidizer can be enhanced,which is more beneficial to improve the regression rate and combustion efficiency of the paraffin-based fuel.The combustion efficiency can be improved by increasing the length of the aftcombustion chamber,but the heat loss and flow loss increased for longer aft-combustion chamber,leading to the reduction of specific impulse.The combustion efficiency reached 89.3%,when length of the aft-combustion chamber was 80 mm.Therefore,three effective methods to improve the combustion efficiency of paraffin-based fuels are proposed.

关 键 词：固液混合发动机 含石蜡燃料 燃烧效率 燃烧组织 喷注器 

分 类 号：V436[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]