野生动物种群DNA甲基化进展分析  

Analysis of Research Progress on DNA Methylation in Wild Animal Populations

作　　者：刘森[1] 朱越 戴文涛 刘询 冷海霞 赵亚军[1] Liu Sen;Zhu Yue;Dai Wentao;Liu Xun;Leng Haixia;Zhao Yajun(Institute of Resources&Einvironment,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,454000;School of Environment,Northeast Normal University,JilinProvincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilizaion,Changchun,130117;College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,210095)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学资源环境学院,焦作454000 [2]东北师范大学环境学院,吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,长春130117 [3]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第6期2584-2589,共6页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31870354,31372214,31400320);河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助计划项目(No.2015-18);吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室(No.130028686,130028828)共同资助。

摘　　要：DNA甲基化通常是指胞嘧啶第5位碳原子和甲基基团的共价结合,可调节基因表达程度,参与有机体的重要生命过程,是目前研究最为透彻的表观遗传过程之一。环境变化可以诱导DNA甲基化的变异,这可能是有机体适应新环境的有效途径之一。研究表明,在不同环境下生存的野生动物,其种群内和种群间均存在显著的DNA甲基化差异;同时,相对于遗传多态性水平,野生动物具有更高的表观遗传多态性水平,表明至少有一部分的表观遗传变异独立于遗传变异,这是DNA甲基化具备潜在进化作用的一个先决条件。DNA甲基化变异可能促进了野生动物种群表型多样化,且一些变异的DNA甲基化模式和水平可跨代遗传,可使其快速适应新环境,有助于种群的扩散和进化。这些研究有助于深入理解野生动物种群中非遗传分歧诱导的一些可遗传的表型现象,洞察野生动物种群环境适应性的表观遗传机制,以及DNA甲基化在物种进化中具有的潜在作用,同时我们也对野生动物种群DNA甲基化研究工作的不足进行了探讨和展望,为野生动物种群的表观遗传研究提供理论依据。DNA methylation,in general,is the covalent modification of methyl group and the 5th carbon atom of cytosine,which can regulate the level of gene expression.It has a critical role in many key biological processes,and is one of the best studied epigenetic mechanisms at present.Environmental changes could induce the variance of DNA methylation,which may be one of the effective ways to adapt new environments for organisms.Researches showed that,between and within populations of the wild animal,there are significant variances of DNA methylation.Furthermore,epigenetic diversity exceeded conventional genetic diversity,implying that at least partly epigenetic variance is dependent from genetic variance,which is a critical prerequisite for DNA methylation to have some microevolutionary potential.The variances of DNA methylation may cause higher phenotypic diversity in wild animal populations.Some of these variances may be inherited in transgenerations,which could be propitious to adapt new environments in a short time,and contribute to the expansion and evolution of wild animal populations.These researches are beneficial to further understand the establishment of the inheritable phenotypes induced by non-genetic variations,the epigenetic mechanism of environmental adaptation,and the potential role of DNA methylation in evolutionary in populations.We also discuss the shortcomings and prospects of these works.Above works provide theoretical basis to epigenetic research in the wild animal populations.

关 键 词：种群 表观遗传修饰 甲基化 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]