古德斯密特与海森伯关于德国核武器计划的争论  

The Dispute between Samuel Goudsmit and Werner Heisenberg on German Nuclear Weapons Project

作　　者：雷煜 LEI Yu(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期19-23,共5页Journal of Guangxi Minzu University ：Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：荷兰裔美籍物理学家塞缪尔·古德斯密特,参与了由美国方面组织的旨在刺探纳粹德国核武器研制情报的“阿尔索斯”行动,因而得以了解“二战”时期德国科学的概况,并总结了导致德国核武器研制计划失败以及德国科学发展受阻的原因.但是他的观点却遭到以海森伯为代表的德国科学家们的反对.此后,古德斯密特与海森伯以撰文、著书、通信的方式表达各自的观点,并互相批驳.然而,因两人难以达成一致,他们之间的争论最终不得不以无果而告终.这场争论并不只为双方表达各自立场与观点提供了平台,同时也反映出各自所处的科学环境是科学观点、立场形成的推动因素.The Dutch-born American physicist Samuel Goudsmit had a chance to go to Nazi Germany personally for he had been selected to be the leader in charge of scientific affairs of the Alsos Mission created by U.s.Authority and aimed at gathering the information of German atomic weapons projest.Having a gen-eral picture of German science during World War II,Goudsmit publicized his views as the answers to the question about the reasons for the failure of the project and for the setback for the development of sciences in Germany.However,his views were refuted by German scientists,especially W erner Heisenberg.Goudsmit and Heisenberg expressed and exchanged their ideas and opinions by writing articles,authoring books and.exchanging letters directly.However,the dispute between them ended up with no results for they were una-ble to reach an agreement.This dispute was not only a platform on which they exchanged views,but also provided us with a chance to know the environment of science played a role in the formation of their views.

关 键 词：古德斯密特 海森伯 德国核武器 阿尔索斯 

分 类 号：G321[文化科学]