与花岗岩有关锡矿成岩成矿作用研究若干问题讨论  

Some problems involving in petrogenesis and metallogenesis of granite-related tin deposits

作　　者：袁顺达[1] 赵盼捞 刘敏[2] YUAN ShunDa;ZHAO PanLao;LIU Min(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Institute of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《矿床地质》2020年第4期607-618,共12页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(编号:41822304、41672095、41773041);中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项资金(编号:KY1703)项目共同资助。

摘　　要：文章基于近年来大量典型锡矿床和成矿区带成岩成矿作用及高温高压实验研究成果,对锡矿成矿年代学、成矿花岗岩类型、物质来源、源区物质的熔融条件及锡在岩浆中的存在形式、熔体-流体相间分配行为及热液流体中的存在形式等方面的研究进展及存在问题进行了系统综述,指出:①锡石原位U-Pb测年已成为直接测定锡成矿年龄的有效手段,近年来发展起来的多种矿石矿物U-Pb测年方法与传统蚀变矿物测年方法的结合,将为研究锡多金属矿床多期次成矿作用叠加、矿集区内不同类型矿床成因联系及区域矿床组合模型的建立提供关键的年代学依据;②锡的富集成矿不仅与花岗质岩浆的高程度的结晶分异密切相关,而且受源区组成及部分熔融条件的制约;③全球锡多金属矿床的不均匀分布、与准铝质花岗岩有关锡矿的富集成矿机制以及各类复杂的锡-钨-铜-钼-铅-锌银多金属矿种组合差异及其金属元素富集机制亟待查明;④已有的关于锡在花岗质熔体、热液流体相中的存在形式及两相间的分配行为的高温高压实验结果受锡与贵金属容器间合金效应的影响,人工合成流体包裹体等新的实验方法的开发及XAS同步辐射和激光拉曼等原位分析技术的应用,将为研究花岗岩浆-热液过程锡的迁移、富集及沉淀成矿机制提供更为直接、可靠的实验依据。Tin is an essential critical mineral resource for global high-technology applications.Recently,the inbalance between the supply and the demand of tin resources is increasingly conspicuous.Currently,the metallogenesis and exploration of tin deposits have been widely received worldwide attention.Based on numerous previous studies on the petrogenesis and metallogenesis of typical tin deposits and metallogenic belts,as well as high-temperature and high-pressure experiments,we systematically reviewed the main advances and problems on the geochronology,the type of ore-bearing granites,the source of the magma,the conditions of partial melting,the species of tin in granitic magma and hydrothermal fluids and its partitioning behaviors between melt and fluid phases,and point out that①in situ U-Pb dating of cassiterite has been demonstrated as a robust geochronometer for direct dating of tin mineralization,which,combined with the recent developed in situ U-Pb dating on other ore minerals and traditional dating on altered minerals,will provide crucial evidences to identify multiple mineralizations of Sn-polymetallic deposits,to reveal the genetic link among the different type mineralization,and to set up the regional metallogenic models of Sn-polymetallic deposits;②the enrichment of tin in ore-bearing granitic magma is not only related to the high degree of fractional crystallization,but also controlled by the source components and the P-T conditions of partial melting;③the mechanisms of the heterogeneous distribution of the tin deposits around the world,the tin enrichment mechanism of the tin deposits related subaluminous granites,and the various complex metal assemblages(such as Sn-W-Mo-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag)and its enrichment mechamisms are still needed to be addressed;④the previous high P-T experimental results on the species of tin in granitic melt and hydrothermal fluid phases and the partitioning behavior between the two phases using double-capsule method are seriously affected by the alloying problems,and the developme

关 键 词：地质学 锡矿 关键矿产 成岩成矿作用 研究进展 存在问题 研究展望 

分 类 号：P618.44[天文地球—矿床学]