新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种基于SNP芯片的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity assessment of winter wheat landraces and cultivars in Xinjiang via SNP array analysis

作　　者：马艳明 娄鸿耀[1] 陈朝燕 肖菁 徐麟[2] 倪中福[1] 刘杰[1] MA Yan-Ming;LOU Hong-Yao;CHEN Zhao-Yan;XIAO Jing;XU Lin;NI Zhong-Fu;LIU Jie(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第10期1539-1556,共18页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台(新疆)项目(NICGR2015-029);科技部科技基础性工作专项“西北干旱区抗逆农作物种质资源调查”项目(2011FY110200)资助。

摘　　要：新疆是我国西北重要的小麦优势产区和消费区。解析新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种之间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,对新疆冬小麦育种中杂交组合的合理选配以及后代选择具有重要的指导意义。本研究利用小麦55K SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)芯片对134份新疆冬小麦地方品种及54份育成品种进行全基因组扫描,估算其品种间的遗传距离,揭示其遗传多样性。结果表明,所有SNP位点的多态性比率达到95.62%(50,743/53,063)。每条染色体分布1068~2616个多态性位点,多态性标记在基因组间分布呈现A>B>D。188个品种间的两两遗传距离在0.002~0.723之间,平均为0.378。其中134个地方品种两两之间的遗传距离在0.002~0.400之间,平均为0.070;54个育成品种两两之间的遗传距离在0.004~0.337之间,平均为0.114;134个地方品种与54个育成品种之间的遗传距离在0.605~0.723之间,平均为0.699。聚类结果显示可将所有材料分为10个不同类群。综合SNP和系谱分析,育成品种与地方品种之间的遗传差异最大,其次是育成品种之间,而地方品种之间遗传差异最小。鉴于育成与地方品种之间较大的遗传差异,新疆冬小麦品种可以利用地方种来丰富其育种的种质基础,拓宽遗传背景,进而提高当地小麦育种水平。本研究为新疆冬小麦品种选育和改良提供了重要的理论指导。Xinjiang is a major wheat production and consumption area in northwest China. Assessment of genetic diversities of wheat landraces and cultivars in Xinjiang has great benefit for wheat cultivar breeding and improvement in this area. In this study, a wheat 55 K SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism) chip was employed to perform genome-wide scanning for the genetic diversities of 188 winter wheat varieties from Xinjiang, including 134 landraces and 54 modern cultivars. Our results showed that the polymorphism ratio of the SNP loci was about 95.62%(50,743/53,063). Each chromosome contained 1068–2616 polymorphic loci, and the polymorphic SNP marker number in three genomes was A > B > D. The genetic distance among the 188 wheat varieties ranged from 0.002 to 0.723, with an average of 0.378. The genetic distance of 134 landraces was between 0.002 and 0.400, with an average of 0.070, whereas that of 54 modern cultivars was between 0.004 and 0.337, with an average of 0.114. The genetic distance between landraces and modern cultivars was between 0.605 and 0.723, with an average of 0.699. The clustering results showed that all tested wheat materials could be divided into ten different groups. According to the comprehensive analyses of SNP and pedigree, the genetic diversity was the largest between the cultivars and the landraces, medium between different landraces,and small between modern cultivars. Because the genetic diversity of Xinjiang winter wheat cultivars is not rich enough, the wheat landraces should be used as the breeding materials in the future. Our data provide novel scientific basis and guidance for breeding and improvement of wheat cultivars in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：新疆 冬小麦 地方品种 育成品种 SNP 遗传差异 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]