不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响  

Effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions

作　　者：张驰[1] 何连华 廖爽 高云天 朱世林 李博[1] 周伟[1] 陈勇[1] 胡剑锋[1] 项祖芬 任万军[1] ZHANG Chi;HE Lian-Hua;LIAO Shuang;GAO Yun-Tian;ZHU Shi-Lin;LI Bo;ZHOU Wei;CHEN Yong;HU Jian-Feng;XIANG Zu-Fen;REN Wan-Jun(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology,and Cultivation in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wenjiang 611130,Sichuan,China;Mianyang Agricultural Sciences Research Institute,Mianyang 621023,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]绵阳市农业科学研究院,四川绵阳621023

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第10期1579-1590,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项课题(2017YFD03017-02,2018YFD030141-04);四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0051)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响,并提出相应的丰产对策,以3个杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115、F优498和川优6203为材料,采取毯苗机插栽培方式,在四川的南部、射洪、安州和大邑4个生态点,通过分期播种,研究不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻全生育期、产量和日产量的影响。结果表明,不同生态条件下机插杂交籼稻的全生育期、产量和日产量存在差异;随着播期从3月下旬推迟至5月上旬,机插杂交籼稻播种至拔节期天数缩短,抽穗至成熟期天数增加,平均全生育期从159.5 d逐渐缩短至150.7 d,平均产量从10,260.45 kg hm^-2逐渐下降至7795.83 kg hm^-2,平均日产量从64.58 kg hm^-2 d^-1逐渐下降至51.95 kg hm^-2 d^-1。气象因子对机插杂交籼稻产量和日产量的影响在不同生态条件下存在差异,产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关,与水稻全生育期日平均温度、平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度和降雨量呈显著负相关;日产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关,而与全生育期平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关,在南部、射洪和大邑与全生育期日平均温度呈显著负相关。在四川盆地西平原区和中、东北丘陵区,冬水(闲)田或蔬菜茬口水稻最佳播期在3月下旬,选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量;麦(油)茬水稻应在前茬收获后尽早抢栽,一般在4月下旬播种,选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量。In order to explore the effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions and put forward the corresponding countermeasures,for high yield,a two-factor split plot design,with three indica hybrid rice(Yixiangyou 2115,F you 498,and Chuanyou 6203)and four sowing dates,was conducted to study the effects of different sowing date and ecological conditions on the whole growth period,grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted rice in Nanbu,Shehong,Anzhou,and Dayi of Sichuan province.The results showed that there were differences in the whole growth period,yield and daily yield of rice under different ecological conditions.As the sowing date was postponed from late March to early May,the days from sowing to jointing were shortened and the days from heading to maturity were increased,the average whole growth period was shortened from 159.5 days to 150.7 days,the average yield was decreased from 10,260.45 kg hm^-2 to 7795.83 kg hm^-2,and the average daily yield was decreased from 64.58 kg hm^-2 d^-1 to 51.95 kg hm^-2 d^-1.The effects of meteorological factors on grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice were different under different ecological conditions.The yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period,while yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature,average daily minimum temperature,average daily relative humidity and rainfall of the whole growth period of rice.The daily yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period,while significantly negatively correlated with the average daily minimum temperature and the average daily relative humidity of the whole growth period.For different experimental region,the daily yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature in Nanbu,Shehong,and Dayi.In th

关 键 词：水稻 播期 机插 日产量 生态条件 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]