氮肥与密度互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen and density interaction on root morphology,plant characteristic and pod yield under single seed precision sowing in peanut

作　　者：刘俊华 吴正锋[2] 沈浦 于天一 郑永美 孙学武[2] 李林[1] 陈殿绪[2] 王才斌[2] 万书波 LIU Jun-Hua;WU Zheng-Feng;SHEN Pu;YU Tian-Yi;ZHENG Yong-Mei;SUN Xue-Wu;LI Lin;CHEN Dian-Xu;WANG Cai-Bin;WAN Shu-Bo(Hunan Agriculture University/Hunan Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute/National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;College of Biology and Environment Engineering,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256600,Shandong,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学/湖南省花生工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]山东省花生研究所/国家花生工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266100 [3]滨洲学院生物与环境工程学院,山东滨州256600 [4]山东省农业科学院/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第10期1605-1616,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000906);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CM07);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010702)资助。

摘　　要：为明确花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥水平和种植密度,本研究于2018年和2019年以‘花育22’为供试花生品种,设置3个氮肥水平(0 kg hm^-2,N0;60 kg hm^-2,N1;120 kg hm^-2,N2),3个种植密度(7.93万株hm^-2,D1;15.86万株hm^-2,D2;23.79万株hm^-2,D3),采用二因素裂区试验设计,研究氮肥、密度及其互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响。氮肥对花生根长、根表面积、根体积、根干重的影响不显著,而密度的影响显著。单株根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而降低,D1显著高于D2和D3,D2、D3处理间差异不显著;单位面积根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而增加,D1显著低于D2和D3,D2、D3处理间差异不显著。氮肥和密度互作对2019年收获期单位面积根长、根表面积的影响显著,与D1相比,N1处理下D3的增幅显著高于N0和N2处理。氮肥及氮肥与密度互作对植株性状的影响存在年度和时期间的差异,主茎叶片数、侧枝数和主茎第一节间粗随密度增加有降低趋势。氮肥对荚果产量的影响不显著,荚果产量随密度的增加呈增加的趋势。产量与根体积、根干重、主茎叶片数、主茎高及侧枝长呈显著正相关。综上所述,在本试验条件下,花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥(N)水平为60 kg hm-2,种植密度为18.8万株hm-2。In order to determine the suitable nitrogen level and planting density for single seed precision sowing of peanut,field comparison experiments were conducted using Huayu 22 with three nitrogen levels at 0(N0),60(N1),120(N2)kg hm^-2 and three planting densities at 79,300(D1),158,600(D2),and 237,900(D3)plants hm^-2 in 2018 and 2019.The effects of nitrogen,density and their interaction on root morphology,plant characteristics and yields of single seed precision sowing peanut were studied by the split plot design for two factors.Nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on root length,root surface area,root volume and root dry weight,whereas significant on density.Root length,root surface area,root volume and dry weight per plant decreased with the increase of density,D1 was significantly higher than D2 and D3,but there was no significant difference between D2 and D3 treatments.And root length,root surface area,root volume and dry weight of unit area increased with the increase of density,D1 was significantly lower than D2 and D3,and there was no significant difference between D2 and D3 treatments.The interaction of nitrogen and density had a significant effect on the root length and surface area of unit area in the harvest stage in 2019.Compared with D1,the increase range of D3 in N1 treatment was significantly higher than that of N0 and N2.As to plant characteristics,nitrogen fertilizer and the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and density were different between years and periods,and with the increase of density,the number of leaves of main stem,the number of lateral branches and the first internode thickness of main stem decreased.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on pod yield was not significant,whereas pod yield increased with the increase of density.Pod yields were positively correlated with root volume,root dry weight,leaves of main stem,height of main stem and length of lateral branches.In conclusion,considering the yield and benefit comprehensively,the suitable nitrogen fertilizer(N)level is 60 kg hm^-

关 键 词：氮肥 密度 花生 单粒精播 根系形态 植株性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]