金融科技法律如何制定?——来自韩国的立法经验  

How to Make FinTech Laws?——Based on the Experience of South Korea’s Legislation

作　　者：董新义[1] DONG Xinyi

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第9期103-117,共15页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央财经大学“人工智能和金融科技相关法律政策研究”。

摘　　要：韩国近年来的金融科技立法极其活跃,成效显著。在韩国金融科技立法理念中,坚持鼓励真创新、打击伪创新,注重金融消费者保护和维护金融安全,体现包容监管理念。在立法模式方面,韩国主要采取了在既有法律中纳入金融科技相关规定、另行制定特别法以及删除阻碍金融科技发展的规定的修法三种模式。在既有法律中纳入金融科技制度的实践包括引入投资型众筹制度、智能投顾法律制度等;制定特别法包括制定金融创新支援特别法、互联网银行法、在线金融业法等;删除阻碍金融科技发展的修法实践主要有修改“数据三法”。借鉴韩国经验,我国应坚持“立法先行”、法律治理金融科技的发展道路,构建符合我国国情的金融科技监管创新试验和监管科技制度,确立中央制定规则、地方行使监管权的金融科技监管体制,强化金融消费者和交易信息安全保护。In recent years,South Korea’s FinTech legislation has been extremely active and has achieved remarkable results.In the concept of FinTech legislation,South Korea insists on real innovation to combat counterfeit innovation and focuses on the financial consumer protection and maintenance of financial security,reflecting the concept of inclusive supervision.In terms of legislative mode and core system,South Korea mainly adopts three modes:1)incorporating FinTech related regulations into existing laws;2)enacting special laws separately;and 3)removing practices that hinder the development of FinTech.The incorporation of specific legal systems of FinTech into existing laws includes introducing investment-based crowdfunding system and Robo-advisor legal system,etc.The enactment of special laws separately includes enacting the Special Law on Financial Innovation Support,Internet Special Banking Law,P2P Financial Industry Law,and etc.Removing the practices that hinder the development of FinTech mainly aims to modify the“Three Laws on Data”,which is to remove the institutional barriers when using FinTech data.In the future development of FinTech,China should abandon the policy governance practice and let FinTech legal govern.Therefore,we should adhere to the legislation-first financial technology development model,and build Regulatory Sandbox and RegTech system in line with China’s national conditions.In addition,we should establish a FinTech supervision system in which the central government sets rules and local authorities exercise supervision power,and strengthen the security protection of financial consumers and transaction information.

关 键 词：金融科技 金融创新 特别法 包容监管 监管科技 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]