乡村居民点可视范围矿山废弃地复垦与植被恢复实践与示范效果  

Practice and demonstration effect of mine wasteland reclamation and vegetation restoration in visible range of rural residential area

作　　者：朱常侠 马艳有 ZHU Changxia;MA Yanyou(Mingda Ocean Engineering Co., Ltd, Beijing 100013, China;College of Resources Science of Land Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]明达海洋工程有限公司,北京100013 [2]河北农业大学国土资源学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《林业与生态科学》2020年第3期255-263,303,共10页Forestry and Ecological Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点科技支撑项目(12235401)。

摘　　要：随着生态文明建设和乡村振兴的阔步前进和发展,乡村居民点可视范围内历史遗留中小型矿山生态环境问题逐渐被社会广泛关注。与大型矿山相比,乡村居民点可视范围内中小型矿山废弃地往往很不规范,甚至很破碎,复垦与植被恢复难度大,效果和效益较难体现。为达到深入开展乡村居民点可视范围内中小型矿山废弃地复垦与生态恢复治理模式研究与实践的目标,采用工程地质测绘、跟踪监测、遥感等方法,对遵化市新店子镇团瓢庄乡东李庄子村居民点可视范围内遗留中小型矿山废弃地的复垦与植被恢复实效进行了研究,主要结果是:在相同气候区条件下,影响乡村居民点可视范围中小型矿山废弃地复垦与植被恢复效果的主要因素包括废弃地的形态、物质组成、植被结构匹配设计等几个方面;高陡岩质边坡复垦与植被恢复率是影响乡村居民点可视范围内中小型矿山废弃地整体植被景观重构的关键。结果表明,对乡村居民点可视范围内矿山废弃地复垦与植被恢复,应充分考虑乡村振兴和美丽乡村建设需要,并结合当地乡土植被和自然气候条件等因素,针对废弃地类型,因地制宜地进行复垦与植被恢复规划和工程设计,既要考虑生态效益,同时也要考虑经济、景观和社会等效益的综合效果。With the rapid progress and development of ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization,the ecological environment problems of small and medium-sized mines left over by history in the visible range of rural settlements have gradually been widely concerned by the society.Compared with large-scale mines,the abandoned land of small and medium-sized mines in the visible range of rural residential areas is often very irregular,even broken,and it is difficult to realize the effect and benefit of reclamation and vegetation restoration.In order to achieve the goal of in-depth study and Practice on the model of reclamation and ecological restoration of small and medium-sized mine wasteland within the visible range of rural residential area,the effectiveness of reclamation and vegetation restoration of abandoned land of small and medium-sized mines in donglizhuangzi village,tuanpiaozhuang Township,Xindianzi Town,Zunhua city was studied by means of engineering geological mapping,tracking monitoring and remote sensing,The main results are as follows:under the same climate conditions,the main factors affecting the effect of reclamation and vegetation restoration of small and medium-sized mine wasteland in the visible range of rural residential areas include the shape of abandoned land,material composition,matching design of vegetation structure,etc.;the reclamation and vegetation recovery rate of high and steep rock slope are the overall vegetation of small and medium-sized mine wasteland within the visible range of rural residential area The key of landscape reconstruction.The results show that for the reclamation and vegetation restoration of mine wasteland within the visible range of rural residential areas,the needs of Rural Revitalization and beautiful rural construction should be fully considered,and the local vegetation and natural climate conditions should be considered.According to the types of abandoned land,reclamation and vegetation restoration planning and engineering design should be carried out

关 键 词：矿山废弃地 边坡治理 土地复垦 植被恢复 乡村居民点 

分 类 号：S28[农业科学—农业水土工程] X75[农业科学—农业工程]