东北粮食主产区秸秆和畜禽粪便资源化现状问卷调查及建议  

Questionnaire survey and suggestions on the status of straw and livestock manure recycling in the main grain producing areas of Northeast China

作　　者：申贵男 袁媛 艾士奇[1,2,3] 刘晓烨 晏磊[1,2,3] 谷学佳 王玉峰[5] 王伟东[1,2,3] SHEN Guinan;YUAN Yuan;AI Shiqi;LIU Xiaoye;YAN Lei;GU Xuejia;WANG Yufeng;WANG Weidong(Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, Daqing 163319,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-Products,Ministry of Education,Daqing 163319,China;College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省寒区环境微生物与农业废弃物资源化利用重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]粮食副产物加工与利用教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆163319 [4]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2020年第3期296-303,共8页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家重大科技发展专项课题(2018YFD0800906-03);黑龙江省农垦总局推广项目(2019HKQNJTG0025);黑龙江八一农垦大学三横三纵支持计划(TDJH201809);黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关项目(HKKY190404,HKKY190406)。

摘　　要：东北作为我国主要的粮食产区和畜禽养殖区,因秸秆和畜禽粪便造成的污染问题越来越突出。作物秸秆和畜禽粪便均属于可供开发利用的生物质资源,它们的资源化循环利用对于缓解环境压力和农业可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文以问卷法、座谈法、访谈法及新媒体投票法等方法,调研了东北三省生产者对废弃物资源化技术的认知程度和执行意愿,并对废弃物资源利用存在的问题进行了分析。结果表明:从事农业生产的生产者中,90%以上的生产者对秸秆及畜禽粪便的资源化利用比较认可,期待通过废弃物的资源化利用改善生活环境,减少资源浪费,进一步推进经济发展。建议加大农业废弃物的技术推广和资金补贴,加强监管力度,提高环保意识,以达到农业废弃物的资源化循环利用,改善农业生态环境的目的。Northeast China is the major area of grain production and livestock raising,while environment pollution caused by crop straw and livestock manure is emerging.As biomass resources,crop straw and livestock manure should be developed and reused.The recycling of the biomass resources can reduce environmental pollution as well as advance the sustainable development of agriculture.The questionnaire,forum,interview,new media voting and other methods were adopted in this article to investigate the producers′awareness and willingness in implementing waste resource recycling technologies in the three provinces of Northeast China.The results showed that more than 90%of the producers engaged in agricultural production recognized the resource utilization of straw and livestock manure with the expectation in improving the living environment,reducing resource waste and further promoting economic development through the resource utilization of waste.It is suggested that increasing the technical promotion and financial subsidies of agricultural wastes,strengthening the supervision and improving the awareness of environmental protection would reduce the emission of agricultural wastes and improve the agricultural ecological environment.

关 键 词：秸秆 畜禽粪便 污染 资源化利用 调查 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]