抚育间伐对白桦天然次生林枯落物与土壤持水特性的影响  

Effects of Thinning on Water-holding Characteristics of Litter and Soil in Betula platyphylla Natural Secondary Forest Stand

作　　者：刘忠玲 姚颖 刘建明 温爱亭 吕跃东 LIU Zhongling;YAO Ying;LIU Jianming;WEN Aiting;LYU Yuedong(Heilongjiang Forestry Institute,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《森林工程》2020年第4期29-37,44,共10页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0601103-04);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD07B03)。

摘　　要：以黑龙江省林口林业局青山林场白桦(Betula platyphylla)天然次生林为研究对象,采用室内浸水法和环刀浸泡法,研究抚育间伐(F-T:平地,采伐蓄积强度35.6%;S-T:坡地,采伐蓄积强度17.2%,下文简称强度抚育、弱度抚育)3 a后林分枯落物厚度、生物量、持水量和土壤持水量的变化。结果表明:①白桦天然次生林枯落物厚度为1.7~3.8 cm,生物量为5.14~9.34 t/hm^2,最大持水量相当于可吸收1.7~2.6 mm的降水,有效拦蓄量相当于可吸收1.0~1.8 mm的降水。枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系(R^2>0.9372),吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R^2>0.9996)。土壤容重均值(0~30 cm)变化范围为0.83~1.23 g/cm^3,土壤有效持水量范围为214.67~377.17 t/hm^2,土壤总孔隙度随土层加深而降低。②对位于平地的林分进行强度抚育后,枯落物生物量显著提高(p<0.05),枯落物有效拦蓄量和土壤有效持水量均高于平地对照,差异不显著(p>0.05),林分总蓄水量提高。③对位于坡地的林分进行弱度抚育后,枯落物有效拦蓄量显著低于坡地对照(p<0.05),土壤有效持水量无显著变化(p>0.05),林分总蓄水量下降。④以提高林分水源涵养功能为目标,位于平地的林分应进一步研究合适的抚育强度,位于坡地的林分不宜进行弱度抚育。Taking the Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest in Qingshan forest farm of Linkou Forestry Bureau of Heilongjiang Province as the research object,indoor soaking method and ring knife soaking method were adopted to study the changes in the thickness,storage and the water-holding capacity of litter,and soil water holding capacity after 3 years of thinning(F-T:Flat ground,thinning intensity accumulation 35.6%;S-T:slope land,thinning intensity accumulation 17.2%).It showed that:①The litter thickness of Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest was 1.7-3.8 cm,and the litter storage was 5.14-9.34 t/hm^2,the maximum water-holding capacity and effective water interception capacity was at range of 1.7-2.6 mm and 1.0-1.8 mm rainfall.The water-holding capacity of litter had a logarithmic relation with soaking time(R^2>0.9372),and water absorption rate showed a power function with soaking time(R^2>0.9996).Soil bulk density mean(0-30 cm)was 0.83-1.23 g/cm^3,soil effective water-holding capacity was 214.67-377.17 t/hm^2.With the deepening of the soil,soil total porosity was decreased.②The litter storage of high intensity thinned stands on flat land increased compared with the reference flat stands(p<0.05),the effective water interception capacity of litter layer and effective water-holding capacity of soil were higher than those of reference flat stands,and the difference was not significant(p>0.05),total water storage increased.③The effective water interception capacity of litter layer of the low intensity thinned stands on slope land decreased compared with the reference slope stands(p<0.05),while effective water-holding capacity of soil showed no significant difference(p>0.05),total water storage decreased.④In order to improve the water conservation functions of forest,the forest on flat land should be studied with appropriate thinning intensity,and the forests located on slope land should not be thinned with low intensity.

关 键 词：抚育间伐 白桦(Betula platyphylla) 天然次生林 枯落物 土壤 持水特性 

分 类 号：S792.153[农业科学—林木遗传育种]