黑龙江省玉米播种下限温度指标阈值研究  

Study on Threshold of Lower Limit Temperature Index for Maize Sowing in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：闫平[1,2,3] 姜丽霞 王萍[1,2,3] 季生太 朱海霞[1,2,3] YAN Ping;JIANG Lixia;WANG Ping;JI Shengtai;ZHU Haixia(Meteorological Academician Workstation of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030;Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-meteorology in Northeast,CMA,Harbin 150030;Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Harbin 150030;Heilongjiang Ecometeorological Center,Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象院士工作站,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,哈尔滨150030 [4]黑龙江省生态气象中心,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《气象》2020年第8期1089-1097,共9页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金项目(2019SYIAE04);科技部粮食丰产增效科技创新专项(2018YFD0300103-1);中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室基金项目(stqx2019zd01,stqx201803,stqx201705)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用1981—2005年黑龙江省13个玉米观测站资料,采用聚类分析及典型年分析法,研究玉米播种下限温度指标,并用2006—2018年观测数据及大田分期播种试验数据对指标进行验证。研究表明,地温是玉米大田播种的主要影响因子,日10 cm平均地温可以作为最低温度界限指标的指示值。日10 cm平均地温6.0℃为玉米不能播种的最低界限指标;日10 cm平均地温6.0~8.0℃为玉米可以播种的最低界限指标,少数玉米遭受低温灾害;日10 cm平均地温8.0℃为玉米安全播种的最低界限指标。By using the observation data from maize field observation stations during 1981-2005 in Heilongjiang Province,and cluster analysis and typical year analysis methods,this paper studied the lowest temperature limit index of maize field sowing.At the same time,the index was verified with the 2006-2018 observation data and the experiment data from the field sowing by stage.The results showed that the ground temperature is the main factor for the maize sowing,and the daily average ground temperature(10 cm)can be used as an indicator of the minimum temperature limit.The lowest threshold temperature index of the daily ground temperature(10 cm)is 6.0℃,at which the maize cannot be sown.The lowest threshold temperature index of the daily average ground temperature(10 cm)is from 6.0℃to 8.0℃,at which the maize can be sown,but there is a small number of maize suffering from low temperature disasters.The lowest threshold temperature index of the daily average ground temperature(10 cm)is 8.0℃,at which the maize can be sown safely.

关 键 词：玉米 播种 界限温度 指标 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学] P49[农业科学—农业基础科学]