滨海盐碱地棉花铃期冠层空间分布对光合生产的影响  

Effects of canopy space distribution on photosynthetic production of cotton during boll period in coastal saline-alkali area in China

作　　者：曹荣荣 刘旭[1] 徐英杰 张谦[1] 梁青龙[1] 王燕[1] 冯国艺[1] 祁虹[1] CAO Rong-rong;LIU Xu;XU Ying-jie;ZHANG Qian;LIANG Qing-long;WANG Yan;FENG Guo-yi;QI Hong(Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China;Bureau of Agriculture and Country in Zunhua of Hebei Province, Tangshan 064200, China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所,农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省遵化市农业农村局,河北唐山064200

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2020年第4期821-827,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(C2015301051);河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新工程项目(2019-2-7-1)。

摘　　要：为分析滨海盐碱地不同盐碱程度棉田棉花铃期冠层结构空间分布特点及其对棉花光合生产和产量的影响,2015-2016年在河北省国营海兴农场重度盐碱棉田(5.0~10.0 g/kg)、中度盐碱棉田(3.0~5.0 g/kg)和轻度盐碱棉田(3.0 g/kg以下)开展试验,以冀棉228为材料在铃期测定冠层结构、光合特性以及物质积累的空间分布情况,并进行产量及其构成因子测定。结果表明,在3类盐碱程度棉田中,冠层结构指标及光合生产指标重度棉田除中上层冠层开度最大外,其他指标均最小。中度盐碱棉田较轻度盐碱棉田除叶倾角和冠层开度上中层较小、下层较大外,其他指标均为上层较大,中下层较小。各层源器官光合物质积累明显高于库器官。轻度盐碱棉田棉花光合物质积累量最大。叶面积、光分布和源库比的上、中、下冠层比例重度棉田分别为1.7∶1.5∶1.0、3.6∶3.6∶1.0和3.2∶2.8∶1.7,中度盐碱棉田棉花分别为3.2∶2.2∶1.0、5.3∶5.3∶1.0和5.3∶2.7∶1.6,轻度盐碱棉田棉花分别为1.6∶1.4∶1.0、2.2∶2.2∶1.0和2.3∶2.1∶2.0;群体光合速率上、中、下冠层比例重度盐碱棉田棉花和中度盐碱棉田棉花为2.5∶2.5∶1.0,轻度盐碱棉田棉花为2.2∶2.2∶1.0;光合物质积累量上、中、下冠层比例重度盐碱棉田棉花和轻度盐碱棉田棉花为1.3∶1.3∶1.0,中度盐碱棉田棉花为1.6∶1.6∶1.0。2年平均皮棉产量轻度、中度、重度盐碱棉田分别超过1200 kg/hm^2、900 kg/hm^2和600 kg/hm^2。因此,滨海盐碱地种植棉花应根据不同盐碱程度调整栽培措施,重度盐碱棉田应当加强抑盐等相关农艺措施,中度盐碱棉田应加强棉花生育前期的水肥调控,轻度盐碱棉田可开展优质高效生产措施。To analyze the effects of the spatial distribution of canopy structure on photosynthetic production during boll period and cotton yield in cotton field with different saline-alkali degrees in coastal saline-alkali area,the experiment was conducted in state-run Haixing in Hebei province farm during 2015-2016.Cotton cultivar Jimian 228 was planted in heavy saline-alkali field(5.0-10.0 g/kg),moderate saline-alkali field(3.0-5.0 g/kg)and mild saline-alkali field(below 3.0 g/kg).The spatial distribution of canopy structure,photosynthetic characteristics and canopy photosynthetic and matter accumulation were measured in this experiment.The yield and its component factors of cotton were also measured.The results showed that the canopy structure index and photosynthetic production index of cotton in heavy saline-alkali field were the smallest except for the canopy openness in upper and middle canopy.In the mild and moderate saline-alkali fields the leaf angle and canopy openness were smaller in upper and middle layers and larger in the lower layer.The accumulation of photosynthetic matter IN source organs was significantly higher than that in sink organs at all layers.The accumulation of photosynthetic matter was the largest in mild saline-alkali cotton field.The ratios of leaf area,light distribution and source/sink in the upper,middle and lower canopy were 1.7∶1.5∶1.0,3.6∶3.6∶1.0 and 3.2∶2.8∶1.7 in heavy saline-alkali cotton field,3.2∶2.2∶1.0,5.3∶5.3∶1.0 and 5.3∶2.7∶1.6 in the moderate saline-alkali cotton field,and 1.6∶1.4∶1.0,2.2∶2.2∶1.0 and 2.3∶2.1∶2.0 in the mild saline-alkali cotton field.The ratio of photosynthetic rate in the upper,middle and lower canopy was 2.5∶2.5∶1.0 in the heavy and moderate saline-alkali cotton fields,and 2.2∶2.2∶1.0 in the mild saline-alkali cotton field.The ratio of photosynthetic matter accumulation in the upper,middle and lower canopy was 1.3∶1.3∶1.0 in the heavy and mild saline-alkali cotton fields,and 1.6∶1.6∶1.0 in the moderate sal

关 键 词：棉花 滨海盐碱地 产量 冠层 光合生产 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]