12种植物精油对两种仓储害虫熏蒸活性的研究  

Fumigant Activity of 12 Essential Oils Against Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma variabile

作　　者：赵娜娜 麦迪娜·托乎塔森 卢若滨 Zhao Nana;Maidina Tuohutasen;Lu Ruobin(Xinjiang Agriculture University,Wulumuqi,830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2020年第8期128-133,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2017D01B16)。

摘　　要：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取12种香料植物精油,密闭容器熏蒸法测定精油对赤拟谷盗和花斑皮蠹的熏蒸活性,为仓储害虫的生物防治提供依据。结果表明:精油熏蒸处理24 h后,在3个筛选浓度(166.67、33.33、6.67μL/L)下,5种植物精油(大蒜、花椒、小茴香、肉桂和八角茴香)对赤拟谷盗表现出较好的熏蒸活性,在高浓度(166.67、33.33μL/L)时,熏蒸致死率达到90%,在低浓度6.67μL/L时,致死率依然在60%以上;5种精油对赤拟谷盗的LC50分别为0.71、1.15、1.39、1.58、1.73 mg/L。4种植物精油(大蒜、肉桂、小茴香和八角茴香)对花斑皮蠹的熏蒸活性最好,在高浓度(166.67μL/L、33.33μL/L)时,致死率高达100%,在低浓度(6.67μL/L)时,致死率均在80%以上;4种精油的LC50分别为0.41、1.03、2.92、3.28 mg/L。12种植物精油中,大蒜精油对两种仓储害虫的熏蒸活性最好,且大蒜精油资源丰富,原料易得,对人类安全无毒,可成为理想的绿色环保仓储害虫熏蒸剂。Twelve essential oils were extracted from common spices by steam distillation.Essential oils of fumigant activity against Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma variabile were evaluated,which provided theoretical basis for biological control of stored product pests.The results indicated as follows:after 24 h fumigation of three concentrations(166.67、33.33、6.67μL/L),five essential oils(extracted from Allium sativum,Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Cinnamomum tamala,Illicium verum and Foeniculum vulgare)exhibited strong fumigant activity against T.castaneum.Under relatively high concentrations(166.67、33.33μL/L),five afore-mentioned oils demonstrated the highest mortality rate towards the test insect.Under the lowest concentration(6.67μL/L),mortality rates of five essential oils were above 60%.The above five essential oils displayed fumigant toxicity against T.castaneum with median lethal concentration(LC50)of 0.71、1.15、1.39、1.58 and 1.73 mg/L,respectively.Four essential oils(extracted from A.sativum,C.tamala,I.verum and F.vulgare)indicated the highest fumigant activity against T.variabile,exhibited the highest mortality rate of 100%when used at a concentration of 166.67、33.33μL/L.Under the lowest concentration(6.67μL/L),mortality rates of four essential oils up to 80%.Four essential oils indicated fumigant toxicity against T.variabile with LC50 value of 0.41、1.03、2.92 and 3.28 mg/L,respectively.Among all the 12 essential oils,an essential oil extracted from A.sativum indicated the strongest fumigation against two stored product pests,and the essential oil is rich in resources,easy to obtain and non-toxic to human safety.In summary,the results of this study suggested that the essential oil of A.sativum have the potential to be developed as possible natural insecticide for stored product pests.

关 键 词：赤拟谷盗 花斑皮蠹 植物精油 熏蒸活性 

分 类 号：S482.1[农业科学—农药学]