三江平原不同玉米品种茎秆特性比较与抗倒伏品种筛选  

Comparison of Stem Characteristics and Screening of Lodging ResistanceVarieties in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：童淑媛[1,2] 杜震宇[1] 李春杰[2] 宋凤斌[2] Tong Shuyuan;Du Zhenyu;Li Chunjie;Song Fengbin(Heilongjiang Agricultural Economy Vacational College,Mudanjiang,157041;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun,130102)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江农业经济职业学院,牡丹江157041 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第17期5860-5868,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项计划任务(2017YFD0300505-3-1)资助。

摘　　要：为明确三江平原抗倒伏玉米品种的茎秆特性,筛选出优良的抗倒伏玉米品种,本研究以‘L38P05’、‘先玉1219’、‘德美亚3’、‘A6565’、‘C2235’、‘J6518’、‘迪卡556’、‘P5697’、‘中单859’和‘垦沃6’10个玉米品种为试验材料,比较不同玉米品种的倒伏情况、产量表现和茎秆形态特征、力学特性及其与倒伏的相关性。结果表明,玉米的株高、穗位高、穗高系数、节间抗折断力与倒伏率无显著相关关系,不适宜作为评价玉米植株抗倒伏能力的形态指标和力学指标;基部节间的茎粗系数、穿刺强度、压碎强度可作为抗倒伏玉米品种筛选的依据,测定第2~第4节间更有意义。该区域正常年份下,基部2~5节间平均穿刺强度80 N/mm2以上和第2~第4节间平均压碎强度390 N/mm2以上的玉米品种具有较强的抗倒伏潜力。综合各品种的倒伏情况、茎秆性状和产量,筛选出适合三江平原机械化种植的优良抗倒伏玉米品种为‘德美亚3’、‘先玉1219’、‘C2235’和‘迪卡556’。10 maize varieties('L38P05','Xianyu 1219','Demeiya 3','A6565','C2235','J6518','Dika556','P5697','Zhongdan859','Kenwo6')were used as experimental materials to compare the lodging,yield,morphological characteristics,mechanical properties and their correlation with lodging of different maize varieties,to identify the stalk traits for screening the lodging resistant maize varieties in Sanjiang Plain,and to select the excellent maize varieties with lodging resistance.The result showed that plant height,ear height,ear height coefficient and breaking resistance were not suitable as morphological index and mechanical index for evaluating the lodging resistance of corn because there was no significant correlation between plant height,spike position height coefficient,breaking resistance and lodging percentage.Stem diameter coefficient,internode puncture strength and crushing strength of basal internode could used as a basis for screening for lodging resistant maize varieties,moreover,2nd^4th internode had more prognostic value than other internode.In the normal year,maize varieties with average puncture strength above 80 N/mm^2 at 2nd^5th internode and crushing strength above 390 N/mm^2 at 2nd^4th internode had strong lodging resistance potential in Sanjiang Plain.Considering the plant lodging,stalk characters and yield,the excellent maize varieties suitable for mechanized planting in Sanjiang Plain were selected as 'Demeiya 3', 'Xianyu 1219', 'C2235'and 'Dika 556'.

关 键 词：玉米 抗倒伏 茎秆性状 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]