浙江省舟山市温室养殖池塘中凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的生长与环境变化  

Growth of white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)and environmental variation in greenhouse ponds located in Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：陆羚子 李云梦 王岩[1] LU Lingzi;LI Yunmeng;WANG Yan(Ocean College,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316200,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山316200

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第4期489-499,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD13B04)。

摘　　要：2017年8月16日至10月30日,按15 d间隔周期对浙江省舟山市6口温室池塘内养殖的凡纳滨对虾生长情况、浮游植物群落和理化环境变化进行观测,旨在为优化对虾养殖模式提供科学依据。结果表明:对虾体长(L/cm)和体质量(m/g)与养殖时间(t/d)的关系分别满足回归方程L=0.744 9×t^0.5946和m=0.004 2×t^1.8237。池塘内水温和pH随时间延长呈下降的趋势。放养虾苗15 d后池塘内活性磷酸盐和总磷含量明显升高;30 d后氨态氮、总氮和5日生化需氧量明显升高,总碱度趋于下降;45 d后化学需氧量明显增加,溶解氧趋于下降。池塘内浮游植物优势种为绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和裸藻门的种类。放养虾苗后30 d内叶绿素a含量逐渐升高,之后逐渐降低。对虾体长和体质量增长速率与亚硝态氮、硝态氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐、总磷、叶绿素a含量及化学需氧量和5日生化需氧量呈正相关,与水温、溶解氧值、pH和总碱度呈负相关。根据上述结果,初步认为水温、溶解氧、pH和总碱度可能是限制舟山温室养殖池塘内凡纳滨对虾生长的环境因子。夏季高温可导致对虾生长缓慢,而维持pH稳定应是池塘水质管理中需要重视的问题。In order to optimize prawn breeding mode,growth of white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei),phytoplankton species and environmental variation in six greenhouse ponds located in Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province were monitored at the interval of 15 d between August 16 and October 30,2017.The results showed that the body length(L/cm)and body mass(m/g)of the white shrimp increased with the breeding time(t/d),and the regression equations were described as L=0.7449×t^0.5946 and m=0.0042×t^1.8237,respectively.During the investigation period,water temperature and p H in the ponds decreased with the prolongation of time.The reactive phosphate(PO43-P)and total phosphorus(TP)contents in the ponds significantly increased after the 15 th day of stocking the shrimp seed.The total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),total nitrogen(TN)contents and five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5)value significantly increased,while the total alkalinity(TA)significantly decreased,after the 30 th day of stocking the shrimp seed.The chemical oxygen demand(CODMn)value significantly increased,while the dissolved oxygen(DO)value declined,after the 45 th day of stocking the shrimp seed.The species of Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta,Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta dominated in the ponds.Chlorophyll a(Chl a)content increased from the 0 th to the 30 th day after stocking the shrimp seed and then gradually declined.Growth rate in body length or body mass of the shrimp positively correlated to nitrite nitrogen(NO2--N),nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N),TN,PO34-P,TP,Chl a contents,and CODMn,BOD5 values,but negatively correlated to water temperature,DO value,pH and TA.These results suggest that water temperature,DO,pH and TA might be the environmental factors regulating growth of the white shrimp reared in the greenhouse ponds.Abnormally high water temperature in summer might limit growth of the white shrimp,and maintaining pH constant should be an important aspect in water quality management.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 温室池塘 氮 磷 有机质 浮游植物 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]