渭北旱塬花椒园土壤养分状况及其调控措施  

Soil Nutrient Status and Regulation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Plantation in Weibei Arid Plateau

作　　者：郭文龙[1] 吴拥强 刘建海[1] 党菊香[1] 阮班录[1] GUO Wenlong;WU Yongqiang;LIU Jianhai;DANG Juxiang;RUAN Banlu(Xianyang Vocational and Technical College,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712046;Shaanxi Gengyuan Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Jingyang,Shaanxi 713700,China)

机构地区：[1]咸阳职业技术学院,陕西咸阳712046 [2]陕西耕源生态农业有限公司,陕西泾阳713700

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第8期99-103,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：咸阳职业技术学院科学研究项目“花椒配方施肥关键技术研究与示范”(2019KEYA01);咸阳市科学技术研究与发展计划项目“咸阳北部塬区花椒施肥技术研究”(2019K02-79);咸阳市科学计划项目“全营养多功能花椒专用肥开发”(2019K01-31)。

摘　　要：为花椒配方施肥提供科学依据,通过分析测定渭北旱塬花椒主产区4县(市)18个花椒园11个土壤理化指标研究花椒园土壤养分丰缺状况及其调控措施。结果表明:旱塬花椒产区大部分花椒园土壤存在低有机质低氮高磷高钾低微(微量元素)现象,有机质含量为17.63 g/kg,全氮和速效氮分别为0.89 g/kg和38.37 mg/kg,全磷和速效磷分别为0.78 g/kg和26.18 mg/kg,速效钾为152.2 mg/kg,有效锌铁锰均为低水平,土壤为碱性。低氮程度最为严重,低微次之,土壤磷钾有不同程度富集,16.7%的土壤磷素极高,土壤养分失调,土壤肥力质量整体较低。建议:调查区有机肥与无机肥配合、大量元素与微量元素配合,氮磷钾配合,增施有机肥和氮肥,补充微量元素,控制磷素,稳定钾素等施肥。花椒实现目标产量158 kg/667m^2,适宜养分N∶P∶K为15∶8∶9,一季需要施精制有机肥(猪粪)550 kg/667m^2,尿素32.4 kg/667m^2,普钙71.6 kg/667m^2,硫酸钾13.2 kg/667m^2。即每株施精制有机肥10~20 kg,纯氮276 g,磷(P2O5)208 g,钾(K2O)120g,折合尿素0.6 kg/株,磷肥1.3 kg/株,硫酸钾0.4 kg/株,以叶面喷施补充锌、铁、锰元素。In order to provide a scientific basis for formula fertilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,11 soil physical and chemical indexes of 18 Z.bungeanum plantations in four counties(cities)of Weibei dryland were analyzed and determined by means of experimental determination.Results:There are“low organic matter,low nitrogen,high phosphorus,high potassium and low microelement”phenomena in most pepper plantation soils in the study area,with organic matter content of 17.63 g/kg,total nitrogen and available nitrogen of 0.89 g/kg and 38.37 mg/kg respectively,total phosphorus and available phosphorus of 0.78 g/kg and 26.18 mg/kg respectively,and available potassium of 152.2 mg/kg.Low nitrogen level is the most serious,followed by low microelements.Soil phosphorus and potassium are enriched in varying degrees.16.7%of soil phosphorus is extremely high,soil nutrients are out of balance,and soil fertility quality is generally low.Suggestions:Combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer,macroelements and trace elements,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,increasing organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer,supplementing trace elements,controlling phosphorus and stabilizing potassium.To achieve the goal yield of Z.bungeanum 158 kg/667m^2,the suitable nutrient N∶P∶K is 15∶8∶9.It is necessary to apply refined organic fertilizer(pig manure)550 kg/667m^2,urea 32.4 kg/667m^2,calcium superphosphate 71.6 kg/667m^2 and potassium sulfate 13.2 kg/667m^2 in one season.That is,10-20 kg of refined organic fertilizer,276 g of pure nitrogen,208 g of phosphorus(P2O5)and 120 g of potassium(K2O)applied to each plant,equivalent to 0.6 kg/plant of urea,1.3 kg/plant of phosphate fertilizer and 0.4 kg/plant of potassium sulfate,so as to supplement zinc,iron and manganese by foliar spraying.

关 键 词：渭北旱塬 花椒 土壤养分 调控 

分 类 号：S573[农业科学—作物学]