小行星着陆附着系统弹射机构设计  

Ejection Mechanism Design of Asteroid Landing Attachment System

作　　者：韩言勋 杨昭 HAN Yanxun;YANG Zhao(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2020年第4期40-44,共5页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

摘　　要：小行星弹射着陆附着系统弹射机构用于将锚装置以一定初速射向小行星表层,从而实现着陆器在小行星表面的有效固定。弹射筒与延时作动器组成了一个火工弹射机构,弹射筒将锚装置以一定的速度弹出;延时作动器是锚装置的重要组件,采用机械式触发,用于在锚装置射入小行星表面以后延时将锚装置内部机构强力展开,起到增大锚装置附着力的作用。弹射机构弹射锚装置相对于弹射锚装置配质量的弹射速度大幅下降,是由于延时作动器的延期针刺雷管工作后产生高压燃气,推动延时作动器的推杆反向撞击弹射筒活塞,与活塞形成了一个类似于"空气弹簧"造成的。通过增加延时作动器卡箍的方式将推杆击发雷管后锁住,达到防止反弹撞击活塞降低弹射速度的目的。该设计方式对弹射机构的内部结构设计提供了一种新的思路和方法。The ejection mechanism of asteroid ejection landing attachment system is applied to eject the anchor device to the surface of the asteroid at a certain initial velocity,so as to realize the landing on the surface of the asteroid.The catapult and the delay actuator constitute a pyrotechnic ejection mechanism.The catapult will eject the anchor device at a certain velocity,and the delay actuator is an important component of the anchor device,which uses mechanical trigger to forcefully expand the internal mechanism of the anchor device after the device is shot into the surface of the asteroid,thus increasing the adhesion of the anchor device.When the delay actuator is working the high pressure gas produced by the delay cartridge after the work of the delay actuator pushes the push rod of the delay actuator against the piston of the catapult,forming a similar"air spring"with the piston,resulting sharp decline of ejection velocity when ejecting the anchor device counterweight.The push rod is locked after firing the detonator by increasing the clamp through the delay actuator to prevent the rebound hitting the piston reduced the ejection velocity.This design method provides a new idea and method for the internal structure design of ejection mechanism.

关 键 词：弹射筒 延时作动器 弹射机构 空气弹簧 小行星着陆 

分 类 号：V414.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]