迪庆州高寒坝区土壤碳氮分布特征研究  

Research on distribution characteristics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in alpine dam area of Diqing Prefecture

作　　者：张冉 杨蔚 唐敏[3] 任健[1] 许文花[1] 王明浩 毕玉芬[1] 马向丽[1] Zhang Ran;Yang Wei;Tang Min;Ren Jian;Xu Wenhua;Wang Minghao;Bi Yufen;Ma Xiangli(College of Animal Science and Technology of Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650201,China;Kunming Cigarette Factory of Hongyunhonghe Group,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650202,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]红云红河集团昆明卷烟厂,云南昆明650202 [3]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期8-15,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：云南省重点研发项目子课题(2018BB001-03);云南省重大科技专项子课题(2019ZG00902);云南省基础研究计划面上项目(2019FB044)。

摘　　要：[目的]高寒坝区生态环境脆弱,过度放牧及开垦导致土壤碳氮储量下降,掌握土壤养分特征及变化规律,制定生态恢复措施,对生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。[方法]本研究以迪庆州高寒坝区农田、灌丛地、放牧草地和封育草地4种土地土壤为研究对象,研究土壤有机碳、碱解氮、全氮的垂直分布特征及SOC与TN间相互关系,以期为中甸高寒坝区的生态系统恢复和土地利用方式提供参考依据。[结果](1)同一类型土壤不同土层SOC含量随深度增加呈递减趋势;不同处理0~30 cm土层SOC含量以农田最高,30~40 cm土层以灌丛地最高,差异显著(P<0.05);(2)农田及灌丛地10~20 cm土层AHN含量最高,总体随土层深度增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;放牧地0~10 cm土层AHN含量最高,封育草地0~10 cm、10~20 cm土层AHN含量相同,10~40 cm土层AHN含量随土层深度增加呈下降趋势;对比相同土层,草地的AHN含量较高;(3)TN含量在各处理下均随深度的增加显著下降(P<0.05),0~20 cm土层以农田含量最高,而20~30 cm和30~40 cmTN含量最高的分别是放牧地和灌丛地(P<0.05);(4)SOC、TN相关性为封育草地>灌木地>放牧草地>农田。[结论]人为因素对于土壤碳氮储量影响较大,建议可通过合理施肥、灌溉,减少农田土壤有效碳、氮的流失,种植灌木固持土壤营养元素,轮牧、封育以提高放牧草地土壤营养元素间相关性保证土壤养分的收支平衡。[Objective]Overgrazing and reclamation have led to the decline in soil carbon and nitrogen storage in the alpine dam area,where the ecological environment is fragile.It is of great significance to develop ecological restoration measures for biodiversity conservation by mastering the characteristics and changing rules of soil nutrients.[Methods]Four types of soils,including farmland,shrubland,grazing grassland,and enclosed grassland in the alpine dam area of Diqing were used to study the vertical distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon(SOC),alkali hydrolysable nitrogen(AHN)and total nitrogen(TN)and the correlation between SOC and TN in order to provide reference basis of ecosystem restoration and land use in Zhongdian alpine dam area.[Results](1)The SOC contents of different soil layers of the same type of soil showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth.It was significantly higher at 0~30 cm soil layer in farmland and 30~40 cm soil layer in shrubland than other treatments(P<0.05).(2)The content of AHN was highest in 10~20 cm soil layer of both farmland and shrubland,and generally increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil layer depth.The AHN content in 0~10 cm soil layer of grazing land was the highest,and it was the same in 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm soil layer of enclosed grassland,but a downward trend was observed with the increase of the soil layer depth between 10 and 40 cm.The AHN contents in grazing grassland and enclosed grassland were higher than other treatments in the same soil layer.(3)TN content in all treatments was decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth(P<0.05).The 0~20cm soil layer of farmland had highest TN content,while it was highest in 20~30 cm and 30~40 cm layer of grazing grassland and shrubland(P<0.05).(4)The correlation between SOC and TN was enclosed land>shrub land>grazing grassland>farmland.[Conclusion]Human factors had a great influence on soil carbon and nitrogen storage.It was suggested that rational fertilization and irrigation

关 键 词：高寒坝区 土壤有机碳 碱解氮 全氮 生态系统恢复 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]